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PPM for 8 hours,symptoms were more pronouncedand ards institute(ANSI)states that "the odor of toluene is after-effects mcluded nervousness. muscular fatigue, detectable by most people at mncentranons m the range and inisomma persisting for several days Severe but of 10 to 15 ppm. The odor has little value as a wanting reversible liver and kidney injury occurred w a person property." who was a glue-snuffer for 3 years; the chief component Duty points out that olfactory fatigue occurs rapidly of the inhaled solvent was toluene (809e V/V); other upon exposure to toluene. ingredients were not listed In workers exposed for 2. Eye hTnatrom Level:Grant states that"the vapors many Years to concentrations m the range of 80 to 300 of toluene cause noticeable sensation of irritation to ppm. there was no chnreal or laboratory evidence of human eyes at 300 to 400 ppm m ur, but evert at 800 altered liver function. Toluene exposure does not result ppm mon is alight" in the hematopoietic effects caused by benzene; the ANSI reports that "irritation of eyes, mucous mem- myelotoxic effects previously attributed to toluene are brans, and upper respiratory tract may occur whi'ie judged by more recent investigations to be the result of workers we exposed to low ooncmu=ons of toluene. concurrent exposure to benzene present as a contamt- These is a considerable range of variation (100 to 500 nant in the commercial toluene used Most of the ppm)between mdn nduals,some fmdmg any coneentra- toluene absorbed from mhalatton is metabolized to tion of toluene obJectiomable. Commercial grades of benzoic acid, conjugated with glycme m the liver to toluene vary m irritant properties." form hippunc acid, and excreted m the tame; the 3. Evaluation of Waning Properties Because of its average amount of hippunc acid excreted tan the urine irritant effe„ toluene a Judged to have good warning by individuals not exposed to toluene m approximately proPerux 0.7 to 1.0 g/1 of urine.The liquid splashed in the eyes of MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT workers caused tramuent corneal damage and coni. junctival irritation; complete recovery occurred within PROCEDURES 48 hours. Repeated or prolonged skin contact with liquid toluene has a def Ming action, eanang drymg, • Eight-Hour Exposm Evahnatloa i fissuring,and dermatitis. Mit:to deterume employee exposure are best taken so that the average eight-hour exposure is based CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES an a $kW* eM*-bcw sample or on two four-hoar samples. Several short-time interval samples (up to 30 • Physical data minutes) may also be used to determine the average 1 Molecular weight:92.1 exposure level. Atr samples should be taken in the 2. Boiling point(760 mm Hg). 1 I 1 C(231 F) employee's breathing zone(air that would most neatly 3. 5pecdic gravity(water = 1):0.36 represent that whaled by the employee). - 4 Vapor density(err = 1 at boiling pomt of toluene): • Cell'og Evalaaetiom 3.14 Msuuresaaents to determme employee ceiling exposure 5 Melting point. —95 C(-139 F) ane but taken during periods of maximum expected 6 Vapor pressure at 20 C(68 h):22 mm Hg airborne coacemtrations of toluene. Each measirneaneat 7 Solubility in water, g/100 g water at 20 C(68 F): should consiu of a ten (10) minute sample or serm of 005 consecutive samples totalling ten (10) minutes in the 8 Evaporation rate(butyl acetate= 1):2.24 employee's breathing zone(air that would most nearly ReacdTty represent that inhaled by the employee).A mmtmum of I Conditions contributing to instability: Containers three (3) mmuremma should be taken on one work may burst at elevated temperature. shift and the highest of all measurements taken is an 2. Incompatibilities: Contact with sttmg oxidizers estimate of the employee's exposure. may cause fires and egdosions. • Peak A inn Cdling Evaluation 3 Hazardous decomposition products: Tactic gases Measmaaaem I to determine employee peak axposnne and vapors{such as carbon dioxide and -1 nn monox. should be taken dwmg periods of maximum expected ide)may be released m afire mvolving tolmene. airborne oonoentrabon of toluene. Each 4 Special precautkmL. Toluene will attack some should conau of a l06minme sample or a series of formsi plastica,rubber,surd aoatnngs, Plaoom:ccutive samples totalling 10 minutes in the employ. • bWti - ae's breathing zone (air that would moat nearly rgwe- 1. Flash pome 4 C(40 F)(closed cap) sent that inhaled by the employee).A minimum of thm I Autoigutuom temperature"480 C(8%F) ma:usespieati should be taken on one work shift and 3 Flammable limits m air, % by volume: Lower; the highest of all measrirSOP= taken is an estimate of 1.27;Upper.7.1 the employee's ezpo:sin. 4. Exungwshant: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, • Metbod foam Sampling and analyses may be performed by collection , Wig Properties of vapors using an adsorpbon tubewrath a subsequent w 1. Odor Threshold: The Americans National Stand- desorptwo of toluene with carbon disulfide and gas 2 Toluii+a tarns.