COMPLIANCE INFO_FILE 1 2003-2006

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Manganese Manganese deficiencies are most common organic soils and high pH mineral soilseficiency symptoms are commonly observed,following cool wet conditions in spring. Oats are more susceptible to a manganese deficiency than other cereal crops. Organic soils with a high pH are the most likely to respond to manganese fertilizer. Molybdenum Molybdenum deficiencies have not been diagnosed in field crops in Alberta. However, isolated deficiencies have been observed in vegetable crops such as cauliflower. Zinc Zinc deficiencies tend to occur on calcareous, high pH soils that have been machine levelled, are sandy in texture or have relatively high soil phosphorus levels' Deficiencies are most common in spring when conditions are cool and wet. In southern Alberta, irrigated field beans have responded to applications of zinc. Zinc deficiencies have been suspected in some irrigated corn fields in southern Alberta, but research trials have not confirmed this. A response to added zinc may occur on badly eroded soils or soils that have had large amounts of added phosphate fertilizer. Micronutrient Deficiency Symptoms Some micronutrients have characteristic deficiency symptoms. However, symptoms can be easily confused with other nutrient deficiencies, salinity, disease, drought, herbicide injury or other physiological problems.Visual symptoms alone are not a reliable method of determining a micronutrient, problem, but they are useful indicators when used with other diagnostic tools. Boron This deficiency results in stunted growth of young plants.The youngest leaves are affected first.They will be misshapen, thick, brittle and small. Because boron is not easily transferred from old to young leaves, older leaves usually remain green and appear healthy. Often dark brown, irregular lesions appear, followed by pale yellow chlorosis of young leaves. Stems are short and growing points may die. In canola, the symptoms of a boron deficiency can be confused with a sulphur deficiency. In alfalfa, boron deficiency symptoms include death of the terminal bud, rosetting, yellowtop and poor flowering. When a boron deficiency is moderate, seed yield is often reduced without any evidence of severe deficiency symptoms during vegetative growth. Chlorine Chlorine deficiencies are very rare; therefore, symptoms are seldom observed. Symptoms may include stubby roots, some chlorosis of new leaves and plant wilting. Copper Copper is not readily transferred from old to young leaves, so older leaves remain darker and relatively healthy and the deficiency symptoms develop on younger leaves.The visual symptoms of a copper deficiency in wheat include yellowing of younger leaves, limpness,wilting, pigtailing (whip tailing or curling)of the upper leaves and kinking of the leaf tips. Other signs include excessive tillering, aborted heads, delayed maturity and poor grain filling resulting in a high straw to grain ratio. On copper deficient soils these symptoms tend to occur in irregular patches. Copper deficiency is often associated with the disease stem or head melanosis and an increased incidence of ergot. For barley, the symptoms of a copper deficiency include yellowing, pigtailing, awn kinking, excessive tillering and weak straw. Oats will also show pigtailing. Copper deficiency symptoms have not been well documented for canola or alfalfa. Iron Chlorosis of the younger leaves characterizes an iron deficiency.The tissue between the veins gradually turns yellow, while the veins tend to stay green. The tips and margins of some leaves may turn brown and become dry and brittle. Manganese In legumes, deficiency symptoms include pale green young leaves and a pale yellow mottling develops in interveinal areas, while the veins remain green. Oats are an excellent indicator crop. Manganese is partly mobile in oats. White to grey flecks or specks first appear and become more severe on mature leaves about halfway up the shoot. If a deficiency persists, symptoms spread to old leaves then to the youngest leaves. The specked condition is referred to as "grey speck"and will appear in the interveinal area of the lower half of older leaves and extend toward the tip as symptoms develop. Manganese is not readily transferred from old to young leaves in wheat and barely. In wheat and barley, affected young leaves frequently turn pale green and have a limp or wilted appearance.A mild interveinal chlorosis develops in the mid- section of the leaf and spreads rapidly becoming pale yellow-green. Small white to grey spots, specks or strips appear a short distance from the end of the leaf tip on young leaves. Molybdenum