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TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM <br />Evaluation of Bed Ash Disposal <br />Forward Landfill <br />San Joaquin, California <br />November 1, 2016 <br />Page 4 <br />Figure 1 (these disposal areas total about 45 acres). Although uniform distribution is judged to <br />be unlikely and it is possible that thicker layers are present, it is doubtful that the locations of <br />pockets of bed ash at different depths within the total 45 -acre disposal area could be identified <br />by drilling, geophysical, excavation, or other means. Therefore, selective excavation of the bed <br />ash is not feasible. <br />Because selective excavation is not feasible, virtually all the 1.68 million tons of co -disposed <br />refuse could require excavation to remove the 2,431 tons of bed ash.2 Excavation, <br />transportation, and off-site disposal of this quantity of material may reasonably be assumed to <br />be infeasible based on costs and potential environmental impacts. For example: <br />• Data from three partial to complete non -hazardous waste landfill clean closures in <br />California indicated costs that ranged from $21/cubic yard (yd 3) to $57/yd3 for excavation, <br />transportation, off-site disposal, engineering, and monitoring. Although actual costs <br />would be very site-specific and a cost estimate has not been developed for the Forward <br />Landfill, the information indicates removing 1.68 million tons of waste from the landfill <br />and disposing it offsite at a Class I landfill would be on the order of tens of millions of <br />dollars or more; <br />• Offsite disposal of 1.68 million tons of waste could require on the order of 67,000 <br />truckloads and more than 21 million roundtrip vehicle miles assuming a hauling capacity <br />of 25 tons per truck and disposal at the Kettleman Hills Landfill (the closest Class I landfill <br />to Forward Landfill); <br />• Refuse excavation of this magnitude in an active solid waste facility would likely require <br />portions of the landfill gas system to be removed from service during the work. This <br />would increase the potential for subsurface gas migration, would require a large quantity <br />of water to manage dust and odors, and would increase air emissions and odors <br />associated with landfill operations; and <br />• Open excavations would appreciably increase the potential for subsurface fires by <br />allowing oxygen access to the waste mass. <br />z Depending on depths of burial, the total amount of excavation could exceed 1.7 million tons due to <br />excavation slope requirements. <br />