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Licensed for the sole use of the purchaser See license agreement penalties for distribution. CGA G-1.5-2015 COMPPESSED GAS ASSOCIATION INC. PAGF 7 to the demand for hydrated lime for treatment of chemical and industrial wastes. See Title 40 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations(40 CFR) [6]. 9.1.4 Metallurgical Carbide lime can be used in the manufacture of iron, steel, and nonferrous metals to: - neutralize pickling acids; - control the pH of waste water or recycled water; - act as a release agent for pig iron molds and cinder pots; and - act as a causticising agent in conjunction with soda ash for extracting alumina from bauxite. 9.1.5 Pulp and paper There are many uses for lime in the pulp and paper industry. Carbide lime reacts with chlorine to form calcium hypochlorite, a bleaching agent for pulp. Carbide lime is effective in the Kraft pulp process for converting the sodium carbonate in the spent black liquor to sodium hydroxide as part of the recovered white liquor. 9.1.6 By-product coke plants Hydrated lime is used for the recovery of ammonia in by-product coke plants. Cake oven volatiles contain am- monia, which is removed by contact with carbide lime slurry in a stripping tower. The recovered ammonia is reacted with sulfuric acid to produce ammonium sulfate. 9.1.7 Paint and varnish manufacture Lime is used for pH control and to clarify varnishes. 9.1.8 Petroleum industry Lime has been used in oil refineries to treat refinery gases for the removal of sulfur to reduce corrosion. 9.1.9 Glass manufacture Lime is used for sand washing and for the manufacture of lime glass. 9.1.10 Calcium-magnesium acetate manufacture Calcium-magnesium acetate (CMA) has been the principal subject of a concentrated effort to develop an eco- nomical, safe substitute for chloride deicing salts. National research aimed at defining more acceptable deicing agents which identified CMA as the most promising of a large number of possible chloride salt alternatives. The economic acceptability of CMA depends primarily on the cost of its raw materials. Carbide lime has been con- sidered due to its low cost. 9.1.11 Flue gas desulfurization A flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system at a utility company plant, that used carbide lime in its process, logged more than 4000 hours of operation without any major process or mechanical problems. Due to this operating success, when other systems were encountering numerous problems, EPA funded a six-month study that re- vealed that contaminants in the carbide lime (notably thiosulphate) are responsible for minimizing the sulfite oxidation rate.This helps to maintain scale-free operation of the system. 9.1.12 Flue gas desulfurization waste treatment Carbide lime can also be used as an important ingredient in the treatment of FGD wastes. This treatment pro- duces a stable residue by virtue of a pozzolanic reaction similar to that used in road bed stabilization. See ASTM STP 931, Lime for Environmental Uses[7]. This document licensed for the sole use of the purchaser It may not be shared with any other person or used after the expiration date without the express written permission of the CGA. Any unauthorized use, reproduction, distribution, or modification of this printed page will result in a$5,000 liquidated damages fee plus loss of access to CGA publications for one year for your company-