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common and regular at Brovelli. At Cosumnes,plain titmouse is present but in relatively <br /> lower numbers. Only two pairs of Hutton's vireo on the preserve, both in the mature <br /> large valley oak forest; California towhee are found along one slough of the preserve, and <br /> lesser goldfinch is rare (Engilis, pers. obs.). <br /> The live oak forest is not as complex in structure as"classic"riparian forests which have a <br /> complexity of micro habitats and multiple canopy structure that provide a variety of niches <br /> not available at Buckeye Ranch. The Buckeye Ranch live oak forest has only two canopy <br /> layers, though lianas of California grape and poison oak are present. We suspect that <br /> nesting neotropical migrants are poorly represented at Buckeye Ranch, but will not be able <br /> to confirm this fact until later this spring. <br /> Forest hunting raptors are common in the live oak forest, but the forest's small size does <br /> not allow it to support a high density of these species. Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo <br /> lineatus), a resident species in hardwood bottoms of the Sacramento Valley does occur, but <br /> we have documented only one pair in the woodland. Cooper's (Accipiter cooperd) and <br /> sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus) are present as winter visitors to the valley. <br /> Confirmation of nesting Cooper's hawk is needed, as it is a species of special concern. <br /> Nesting Cooper's hawk have not been confirmed on the Cosumnes Preserve or along Dry <br /> Creek, and we suspect it does not nest in the forest. <br /> The biotics report did document one pair of nesting Swainson's hawk in the live oak forest <br /> in 1992. The nest was located in an emergent Fremont cottonwood in a draw within the <br /> woodland. Nesting requirements of this threatened species are discussed in the mitigation <br /> plan in Appendix F. <br /> Buckeye Ranch Resource Plan (November, 1993) <br /> 49 <br />