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2. firm seedbed <br /> 3. proper seed burial <br /> 4. adequate irrigation during germination <br /> 5. weed competition control <br /> Mechanical and chemical (herbicide) techniques can be used separately and together to <br /> begin the process of seed bank depletion. Germinating annual grasses and weeds can be <br /> killed by both light disking and the application of a non-selective and/or pre-emergent <br /> herbicides. Pre-irrigation of the seeded site (1 to 3 inches equivalent rain) in the early fall <br /> initiates annual grass and weed growth and allows more than one opportunity to germinate <br /> and destroy weeds in the soil seed bank before the perennial grasses are seeded. An <br /> untilled seed bed treated with herbicides should be fun enough for direct seeding with a <br /> range drill (no-till methodologies). Cultivated land needs to be rolled and compacted so the <br /> planted seed will gain moisture from below through capillary action. Burying the seed just <br /> below the soil surface is optimum seeding technique. This is best accomplished with range <br /> or native grass drills. Mechanical broadcast seeding and harrowing (as a single process)is <br /> also successful, especially with complex seed mixes. There are mechanical seed planting <br /> machines that accomplish drilling and broadcasting/harrowing in one operation. The Truax <br /> native grass drills made in Minneapolis, MN are currently the best available and are widely <br /> used in the restoration and reclamation trade. Adequate irrigation during early germination <br /> and establishment periods is important to prevent crusting of the soil surface, which is <br /> often the case in cultivated soils. Certain weeds can be eliminated by selective herbicide <br /> treatment after establishment. Broadleaf herbicide treatments are especially useful when <br /> establishing grasses. Clovers are resistant to some broadleaf herbicides. There are also <br /> herbicides that kill annual grasses without harming perennials. <br /> Tillin . Perennial grass seedlings need special attention during the establishment period to <br /> eliminate as much of the introduced annual grasses as possible,including seed bank <br /> Buckeye Ranch Resource Plan (November, 1993) <br /> 147 <br />