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1 Federal Register f V , o. 235 / Friday, December 6, Imomiles and
<br />such as a brush and dust pan, tongs, or
<br />forceps.
<br />(E) Reusable sharps that are
<br />contaminated with blood or other
<br />potentially infectious materials shall not
<br />be stored or processed in a manner that
<br />requires employees to reach by hand
<br />into the containers where these sharps
<br />have been placed.
<br />(iii) Regulated Waste.
<br />(A) Contaminated Sharps Discarding
<br />and Containment. (1) Contaminated
<br />sharps shall be discarded immediately
<br />or as soon as feasible in containers that
<br />are:
<br />(i) Closable;
<br />(ii) Puncture resistant;
<br />(iii) Leakproof on sides and bottom;
<br />and
<br />(iv) Labeled or color -coded in
<br />accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) of
<br />this standard.
<br />(2) During use, containers for
<br />contaminated sharps shall be:
<br />(i) Easily accessible to personnel and
<br />located as close as is feasible to the
<br />immediate area where sharps are used
<br />or can be reasonably anticipated to be
<br />found (e.g., laundries);
<br />(ii) Maintained upright throughout use;
<br />and
<br />(iia) Replaced routinely and not be
<br />allowed to overfill.
<br />(3) When moving containers of
<br />contaminated sharps from the area of
<br />use, the containers shall be:
<br />(i) Closed immediately prior to
<br />removal or replacement to prevent
<br />spillage or protrusion of contents during
<br />handling, storage, transport, or shipping;
<br />(ii) Placed in a secondary container if
<br />leakage is possible. The second
<br />container shall be:
<br />(A) Closable;
<br />(B) Constructed to contain all contents
<br />and prevent leakage during handling,
<br />storage, transport, or shipping; and
<br />(C) Labeled or color -coded according
<br />to paragraph (g)(1)(i) of this standard.
<br />(4) Reusable containers shall not be
<br />opened, emptied, or cleaned manually or
<br />in any other manner which would
<br />expose employees to the risk of
<br />percutaneous injury.
<br />(B) Other Regulated Waste
<br />Containment.(1) Regulated waste shall
<br />be placed in containers which are:
<br />(i) Closable;
<br />(ii) Constructed to contain all contents
<br />and prevent leakage of fluids during
<br />handling, storage, transport or shipping;
<br />(iii) Labeled or color -coded in
<br />accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) this
<br />standard, and
<br />(iv) Closed prior to removal to prevent
<br />spillage or protrusion of contents during
<br />handling, storage, transport, or shipping.
<br />. (2) If outside contamination of the
<br />regulated waste container occurs, it
<br />shall be placed in a second container.
<br />The second container shall be:
<br />(i) Closable;
<br />(ii) Constructed to contain all contents
<br />and prevent leakage of fluids during
<br />handling, storage, transport or shipping;
<br />(iii) Labeled or color -coded in
<br />accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) of
<br />this standard; and
<br />(iv) Closed prior to removal to prevent
<br />spillage or protrusion of contents during
<br />handling, storage, transport, or shipping.
<br />(C) Disposal of all regulated waste
<br />shall be in accordance with applicable
<br />regulations of the United States, States
<br />and Territories, and political
<br />subdivisions of States and Territories.
<br />(iv) Laundry.
<br />(A) Contaminated laundry shall be
<br />handled as little as possible with a
<br />minimum of agitation. (1) Contaminated
<br />laundry shall be bagged or containerized
<br />at the location where it was used and
<br />shall not be sorted or rinsed in the
<br />location of use.
<br />(2) Contaminated laundry shall be
<br />placed and transported in bags or
<br />containers labeled or color -coded in
<br />accordance with paragraph (g)(1)(i) of
<br />this standard. When a facility utilizes
<br />Universal Precautions in the handling of
<br />all soiled laundry, alternative labeling or
<br />color -coding is sufficient if it permits all
<br />employees to recognize the containers
<br />as requiring compliance with Universal
<br />Precautions.
<br />(3) Whenever contaminated laundry is
<br />wet -and presents a reasonable
<br />likelihood of soak -through of or leakage
<br />from the bag or container, the laundry
<br />shall be placed and transported in bags
<br />or containers which prevent soak -
<br />through and/or leakage of fluids to the
<br />exterior.
<br />(B) The employer shall ensure that
<br />employees who have contact with
<br />contaminated laundry wear protective
<br />gloves and other appropriate personal
<br />protective equipment.
<br />(C) When a facility ships
<br />contaminated laundry off-site to a
<br />second facility which does not utilize
<br />Universal Precautions in the handling of
<br />all laundry, the facility generating the
<br />contaminated laundry must place such
<br />laundry in bags or containers which are
<br />labeled or color -coded in accordance
<br />with paragraph (g)(1)(i).
<br />(e) HIV and HBV Research
<br />Laboratories and Production Facilities.
<br />(1) This paragraph applies to research
<br />laboratories and production facilities
<br />engaged in the culture, production,
<br />concentration, experimentation, and
<br />manipulation of HIV and HBV. It does
<br />not apply to clinical or diagnostic
<br />laboratories engaged solely in the
<br />analysis of blood, tissues, or organs.
<br />These requirements apply in addRion to
<br />the other requirements of the standard.
<br />(2) Research laboratories and
<br />production facilities shall meet the
<br />following criteria:
<br />(i) Standard microbiological practices.
<br />All regulated waste shall either be
<br />incinerated or decontaminated by a
<br />method such as autoclaving known to
<br />effectively destroy bloodborne
<br />pathogens.
<br />(ii) Special practices.
<br />(A) Laboratory doors shall be kept
<br />closed when work involving HIV or
<br />HBV is in progress.
<br />(B) Contaminated materials that ars: to
<br />be decontaminated at a site away from
<br />the work area shall be placed in a
<br />durable, leakproof, labeled or color -
<br />coded container that is closed before
<br />being removed from the work area.
<br />(C) Access to the work area shall be
<br />limited to authorized persons. Written
<br />policies and procedures shall be
<br />established whereby only persons who
<br />have been advised of the potential
<br />biohazard, who meet any specific entry
<br />requirements, and who comply with all
<br />entry and exit procedures shall be
<br />allowed to enter the work areas and
<br />animal rooms.
<br />(D) When other potentially infectious
<br />materials or infected animals are
<br />present in the work area or containment
<br />module, a hazard warning sign
<br />incorporating the universal biohazard
<br />symbol shall be posted on all access
<br />doors. The hazard warning sign shall
<br />comply with paragraph (g)(1)(ii) of this
<br />standard.
<br />(E) All activities involving other
<br />potentially infectious materials shall be
<br />conducted in biological safety cabinets
<br />or other physical -containment devices
<br />within the containment module. No
<br />work with these other potentially
<br />infectious materials shall be conducted
<br />on the open bench.
<br />(F) Laboratory coats, gowns, smocks,
<br />uniforms, or other appropriate protective
<br />clothing shall be used in the work area
<br />and animal rooms. Protective clothing
<br />shall not be worn outside of the work
<br />area and shall be decontaminated
<br />before being laundered.
<br />(G) Special care shall be taken to
<br />avoid skin contact with other potentially
<br />infectious materials. Gloves shall be
<br />worn when handling infected animals
<br />and when making hand contact with
<br />other potentially infectious materials is
<br />unavoidable.
<br />(H) Before disposal all waste from
<br />work areas and from animal rooms shall
<br />either be incinerated or decontaminated
<br />by a method such as autoclaving known
<br />to effectively destroy bloodborne
<br />pathogens.
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