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a Health Effects Health Effects • Chemicals may have four types of effects: LOCAL: -ACUTE: -When toxic effects occurs directly at the -Short term effects thatoccur immediate) point of contact t y(within the hour) •Example:Loss of consciousness after drinking a liter of whiskey in a hour -Example:Tissue damage upon contact with - -CHRONIC: sulfuric acidx'M •Is longterm effects that occur months or years after the original exposure • REMOTE: •Example:Cirrhosis of the Over as a result of drinking a liter of whiskey every -When the toxic effect occurs at a body part day some distance away from the point of contact -Example:Liver damage upon skin contact with PCB's t I i Acute Health Effects Acute Health Effects • SIMPLE ASPHYXIATION: NEUROTOXIC: j —When the body does not receive enough oxygen — Chemicals that can slowdown or reduce the brain's ability to ' —Example:Nitrogen control the bodyIRRITANT: • CHEMICAL ASPHYXIATION: '® — Materialthatcan cause temporary discomfort or pain without —Chemicals that Interfere with the body's ability to use auld permanent damage to the eyes,skin or respiratory system imtlene oxygen -nxmsmt.: — Example:Fiberglass .... ..._. i — Example:Carbon Monoxide CORROSIVE: • ANESTHETIC: — Chemicals that on burn or damage the eyes,skin or respiratory —Chemicals that can cause dizziness,drowsiness, system unconsciousness and even death Pammple.Sulfuric Acid or Sodium Hydroxide — Example:2-Propanol(IPA) p. ALLERGIC: — Reaction to low concentrations of a material — Example:Poison W i Chronic Health Effects Chronic Health Effects • CARCINOGEN: TERATOGEN: —Chemicals that cause cancer or tumors —Chemicalswhich pass through the placental barrier and cause miscarriages, malformations or birth defects by directly damaging the fetus within the mother's —Cancer Is the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body womb usually resulting In tumors — Teratogen comes from the Greek and literally means"make a monster" —Example:Methylene Chloride — Example:Alcohol,Lead,Thagdomlde —National Institute for Occuptanial Safety and Health IN IOSH)recommends zero REPRODUCTIVE TOXIN: exposure to carcinogens — Chemicals that can affect the male or female reproductive systems,interfering with the • MUTAGEN: ability to have children —A chemical whose toxic effect is damage to the DNA which Is the genetic TARGET ORGAN TOXIN: material that controls the way offspring are formed and their function — Chemicals that can cause damage to specific organ and not on others — Example:Ethanol which causes cirrhosis of the Ilver t 3