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Alternative - Daily Cover Materials: <br />Based on reviews of the scientific literature and experience with landfill <br />operation issues synthetic fabric as alternative daily cover at GABI: <br />I. Health Concerns: hazards, risks, ecological issues <br />2. Performance Standards; vectors, dust, odor and aesthetics, <br />compaction, permeability <br />3. Control of Water Movement: leachate and erosion control <br />4. Resistance to Heat and Fire <br />5. Costs: installation, operation, and maintenance <br />6. Materials Limitations from Landfill Operators' Experience <br />7. Regulatory Agencies and States Accepting Material. <br />Performance Standards: <br />The performance standards considered include vectors, dust, odor and aesthetics, <br />compaction and permeability. <br />The cover material must minimize vector breeding areas and animal attraction, <br />by controlling insect emergence and entrance, rodent burrowing for food and <br />harborage, and site attractiveness to birds and animals. <br />Vectors, odor, and compaction are not critical issues with geotextiles. These <br />fabrics do not encourage rodent burrowing or insect emergence through cover. <br />They also suppress odor and do not require compaction to achieve permeability <br />that is comparable with sandy or silty soil. <br />Control of Yater Movement: <br />The alternative cover material should control water movement to minimize <br />moisture infiltration and leachate production, as well as erosion. <br />Resistance to Heat and Fire: <br />The daily cover material should be resistant to heat and fire, and should help <br />minimize fire hazard potential by controlling the movement of atmospheric <br />oxygen, providing barrier cell walls. <br />Costs: <br />The relative costs for installing, operating, and maintaining various types of <br />alternative daily cover materials are important to the operators of landfills. <br />