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CER MANAGEMENT <br />d culverts which <br />.st etermined. See <br />:t or other control, the <br />:ailwater depth for the <br />najor water body, the <br />he culvert tailwater. <br />uld be given to: <br />p to 48 hours in rural <br />.e culvert through the <br />irly with inlet control. <br />s. The inlet coefficient <br />Jicating greater effici- <br />coefficients. Recom- <br />_ inlet to be used <br />accidents. <br />strengthen the weak <br />Id to the total culvert <br />U <br />DESIGN OF CULVERTS <br />Commercial End Sections <br />Are. available for both corrugated metal and concrete pipe. <br />They retard embankment erosion and incur less damage from maintenance. <br />May improve projecting metal pipe entrances by increasing hydraulic efficiency, reducing the <br />accident hazard, and improving appearance. <br />They are hydraulically equal to a headwall, but can be equal to a bevelled or side- tapered <br />entrance if a flared, enclosed transition takes place before the barrel. <br />^°inlet Coefficients <br />Type of Structure and Design of Entrance Coefficient K_ <br />Pive. Concrete <br />Projecting from fill, socket end (groove -end) <br />0.2 <br />Projecting from fill, square cut end <br />0.5 <br />Headwall or headwall and wingwalls <br />Socket end of pipe (groove -end) <br />0.2 <br />Square -edge <br />0.5 <br />Rounded [radius = 1/12(D)] <br />0.2 <br />Mitered to conform to fill slope <br />0.7 <br />*End -Section conforming to fill slope <br />0.5 <br />Beveled edges, 33.70 or 451 bevels <br />0.2 <br />Side- or slope -tapered inlet <br />0.2 <br />Pipe, or Pipe -Arch, Corrugated Metal <br />s 2 <br />Projecting from fill (no headwall) <br />Headwall or headwall and wingwalls square -edge <br />Mitered to fill slope, paved or unpaved slope <br />0.7 <br />*End -Section conforming to fill slope <br />0.5 <br />Beveled edges, 33.70 or 451 bevels <br />0.2 <br />Side- or slope -tapered inlet <br />0.2 <br />Box, Reinforced Concrete <br />Headwall parallel to embankment (no wingwalls) <br />Square -edged on 3 edges <br />0.5 <br />Rounded on 3 edges to radius of [1/12(D)] or'beveled edges on 3 sides <br />0.2 <br />Wingwalls at 300 to 750 to barrel <br />Square -edged at crown <br />0.4 <br />Crown edge rounded to radius of [1/12(D)] or beveled top edge <br />.0.2 <br />Wingwalls at 101 or 25° to barrel <br />Square -edged at crown <br />0.5 <br />Wingwalls parallel (extension of sides) <br />Square -edged at crown <br />0.7 <br />Side- or slope -tapered inlet <br />0.2 <br />* Note: End Section conforming to fill slope, made of either metal or concrete, are the sections <br />commonly available from manufacturers. From limited hydraulic tests they are equivalent in <br />operation to a headwall in both inlet and outlet control. Some end sections, incorporating a closed <br />taper in their design, have a superior hydraulic performance. <br />SOU f_et <br />