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0 <br />Gasoline <br />Gasoline is produced from the light distillates during petroleum <br />fractionation, with its major components including paraffins, <br />olefins, naphthenes, aromatics, and recently ethanol. Gasoline <br />also contains various functional additives as required for <br />different uses, such as antiknock fluids, antioxidants, metal <br />deactivators, corrosion inhibitors, anti -icing agents, preingition <br />preventors, upper -cylinder lubricants, dyes, and decolorizers. <br />Lead additives in particular were widely used in gasoline until the <br />introduction of vehicle catalytic converters. <br />Mild cases of gasoline ingestion can cause inebriation, vomiting, <br />vertigo, drowsiness, confusion, and fever. Aspiration into the <br />lungs and secondary pneumonia may occur unless prevented. Gasoline <br />can cause hyperemia of the conjunctiva and other eye disturbances. <br />Inhalation of gasoline during bulk handling operations produced no <br />physiological effects. Gasoline is a skin irritant and a possible <br />allergen. Repeated or chronic dermal contact can result in drying <br />of the skin, lesions, and other dermatologic conditions. <br />The TWA of the PEL for gasoline is 300 ppm and the STEL is 500 ppm. <br />0 34 <br />