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<br />4.1 A test specimen is dried in an oven to a constant mass.
<br />Te loss of mass due to drying is considered to be water. The
<br />iter content is calculated using the mass of water and the
<br />ass of the dry specimen.
<br />Significance and Use
<br />5.1 For many materials, the water content is one of the
<br />est significant index properties used in establishing a
<br />rrelation between soil behavior and its properties.
<br />5.2 The water content of a material is used in expressing
<br />phase relationships of air, water, and solids in a given
<br />lume of material.
<br />5.3 In fine-grained (cohesive) soils, the consistency of a
<br />!en soil type depends on its water content. The water
<br />ntent of a soil, along with its liquid and plastic limits as
<br />termined by Test Method D 4318, is used to express its
<br />ative consistency or liquidity index.
<br />6.1 Drying Oven, hermostatically-controlled, preferably
<br />the forced -draft , meeting the requirements of Speci-
<br />ation E 145 a capable of maintaining a uniform temper -
<br />tire o 10 5°C throughout the drying chamber.
<br />6.2 Balances—All balances must meet the requirements
<br />Specification D4753 and this Section. A Class GPI
<br />Mance of 0.01g readability is required for specimens having
<br />mass of up to 200 g (excluding mass of specimen con-
<br />iner) and a Class GP2 balance of 0.1g readability is
<br />quired for specimens having a mass over 200 g.
<br />6.3 Specimen Containers—Suitable containers made of
<br />aterial resistant to corrosion and change in mass upon
<br />peated heating, cooling, exposure to materials of varying
<br />3, and cleaning. Containers with close -fitting lids shall be
<br />ed for testing specimens having a mass of less than about
<br />C g; while for specimens having a mass greater than about
<br />10 g, containers without lids may be used. One container is
<br />:eded for each water content determination.
<br />NoTE 2—The purpose of close -fitting lids is to prevent loss of
<br />Disture from specimens before initial mass determination and to
<br />event absorption of moisture from the atmosphere following drying
<br />d before final mass determination.
<br />6.4 Desiccator—A desiccator cabinet or large desiccator
<br />r of suitable size containing silica gel or anhydrous calcium
<br />tosphate. It is preferable to use a desiccant which changes
<br />11or to indicate it needs reconstitution. See Section 10.5.
<br />NOTE 3—Anhydrous calcium sulfate is sold under the trade name
<br />6.5 Container Handling Apparatus, gloves, tongs, or suit -
<br />le holder for moving and handling hot containers after
<br />Miscellaneous, knives, spatulas,
<br />sample splitters, etc, as required.
<br />quartering
<br />I Samples shall be preserved and transported in accor-
<br />e with Practice 4220 Groups B, C, or D soils. Keep the
<br />)les that are stored prior to testing in noncorrodible
<br />;ht containers at a temperature between approximately 3
<br />30'C and in an area that prevents direct contact with
<br />163
<br />sunlight. Disturbed samples in jars or other containers shall
<br />be stored in such a way as to prevent or minimize moisture
<br />condensation on the insides of the containers.
<br />7.2 The water content determination should be done as
<br />soon as practicable after sampling, especially if potentially
<br />corrodible containers (such as thin-walled steel tubes, paint
<br />cans, etc.) or plastic sample bags are used.
<br />8. Test Specimen
<br />8.1 For water contents being determined in conjunction
<br />with another ASTM method, the specimen mass require-
<br />ment stated in that method shall be used if one is provided. If
<br />no minimum specimen mass is provided in that method
<br />then the values given before shall apply.
<br />8.2 The minimum mass of moist material selected to be
<br />representative of the total sample, if the total sample is not
<br />tested by this method, shall be in accordance with the
<br />following:
<br />Recommended, Recommended
<br />minimum mass of minimum mass of
<br />moist test spec- moist test spec -
<br />Maximum particle imen for water imen for water
<br />size (100 % Standard Sieve content reported content reported
<br />Pissing) Size to t0.1 % to tl %
<br />2 mm or less No. 10 20 g 20 e
<br />4.75 mm No. 4 100 g 20 g-
<br />9.5 mm 3/g -in. 500 g 50 g
<br />19.0 mm 3/4 -in. 2.5 kg 250 g
<br />37.5 mm 11/2 in. 10 kg I kg
<br />75.0 mm 3 -in. 50 kg 5 kg
<br />No'tE--"To be representative not less than 20 g shall be used.
<br />8.2.1 If the total sample is used it does not have to meet
<br />the minimum mass requirements provided in the table
<br />above. The report shall indicate that the entire sample was
<br />used.
<br />8.3 Using a test specimen smaller than the minimum
<br />indicated in 8.2 requires discretion, though it may be
<br />adequate for the purposes of the test. Any specimen used not
<br />meeting these requirements shall be noted in the report of
<br />results.
<br />8.4 When working with a small (less than 200g) specimen
<br />containing a relatively large gravel particle, it is appropriate
<br />not to include this particle in the test specimen. However,
<br />any discarded material shall be described and noted in the
<br />report of the results.
<br />8.5 For those samples consisting entirely of intact rock,
<br />the minimum specimen mass shall be 500 g. Representative
<br />portions of the sample may be broken into smaller particles,
<br />depending on the sample's size, the container and balance
<br />being used and to facilitate drying to constant mass, see
<br />Section 10.4.
<br />9. Test Specimen Selection
<br />9.1 When the test specimen is a portion of a larger
<br />amount of material, the specimen must be selected to be
<br />representative of the water condition of the entire amount of
<br />material. The manner in which the test specimen is selected
<br />depends on the purpose and application of the test, type of
<br />material being tested, the water condition, and the type of
<br />sample (from another test, bag, block, and the likes.)
<br />9.2 For disturbed samples such as trimmings, bag sam-
<br />ples, and the like, obtain the test specimen by one of the
<br />
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