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are determined, horizontal displacements at each layer are calculated using the closed-form wave <br /> equation. The SHAKE computer program uses these displacements to calculate the accelerations at <br /> the top of each layer. The ground accelerations at the top of the refuse-soil columns were then <br /> equated to U. in the Makdisi and Seed (1977) procedure. Deformations are estimated using the <br /> "Newmark" chart developed by Makdisi and Seed(1977). <br /> SHAKE requires unit weight, shear-wave velocity,and shear modulus and damping characteristics to <br /> be input for each soil layer. Design earthquake motion is input as an acceleration-versus-time record. <br /> When evaluating the results of a seismic deformation analysis, the effect of the net slope movement <br /> should be considered. The most severe consequence of slope movement would be damage to the <br /> composite base lining or LCRS of the landfill. While it is difficult to assess what deformation would <br /> damage a composite base lining system,the current practice is to limit deformations to 30 cm(1 foot) <br /> or less(Sharma and Lewis, 1994). <br /> 3.3 Stability Analysis <br /> The stability analyses are based on several measured and assumed material properties. The material <br /> properties used in the analyses and the results of the analyses are presented below. Calculations are <br /> included in Appendix B. <br /> 3.3.1 Material Properties <br /> The single-composite lining system for the southern portion of the WMU FU-08 base will consist of a <br /> 2-foot thick clay liner overlain by a double-sided textured HDPE geomembrane, cushion geotextile, <br /> and granular blanket LCRS. The liner on the northern slope in the southern portion of WMU FU-08 <br /> will consist of a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) overlain by a single-sided textured HDPE <br /> geomembrane and a geocomposite drainage net (GDN). The GDN will have a nonwoven geotextile <br /> bonded to one side of the geonet. The geonet side will be placed against the smooth side of the <br /> HDPE geomembrane. <br /> Material properties for use in the stability analyses were based on actual test data from previous <br /> WMUs constructed at the site and a review of published values in the literature. Table 3-1 presents <br /> the assumed material properties used in the stability analysis. <br /> The interface shear strength for the base lining system in the southern portion of WMU FU-08 was <br /> estimated using laboratory testing performed for the construction of the WMUs D-95,D-97, D-98,D- <br /> 99, D-00, D-01, D-02, FU-03, FU-04, FU-05, and FU-06 lining systems (CH2M HILL 1995b and <br /> 1997c, Vector 1999a and 1999b, EMCON/OWT 2000, Holdredge and Kull 2001, Vector 2002, <br /> Vector 2003, Vector 2004, Vector 2005, Vector 2006). These interface shear strength results were <br /> assumed to be representative of those in WMU FU-08 because WMU FU-08 will be constructed <br /> using onsite *soils and geosynthetic materials very similar to those used in these previously <br /> constructed WMUs. <br /> The interface shear strength properties used for the side slope liners were estimated using laboratory <br /> testing performed for the construction of WMUs D-97,D-98, D-00, D-01, D-02, FU-03, FU-04, FU- <br /> 05, and FU-06 (CH2M HILL 1997c, Vector 1999a, EMCON/OWT 2000, Holdredge and Kull 2001, <br /> Vector 2002, Vector 2003, Vector 2004, Vector 2005, Vector 2006). These interface shear strength <br /> results were assumed to be representative of those in WMU FU-08 because the same combination of <br /> materials was used in these previously constructed WMUs. <br /> WMU FU-08 REPORT 3.4 <br />