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elevation. The current groundwater elevation data for the Forward Unit is summarized in <br /> Table 2-3. <br /> The groundwater elevation data obtained during the first quarter 2012 monitoring period <br /> were used to generate the groundwater elevation contour map shown on Figure <br /> 2-1, which indicates that groundwater generally flows to the northeast towards the Austin <br /> Unit, at an average hydraulic gradient of approximately 0.003 ft/ft. <br /> To calculate the approximate linear groundwater flow velocity for the site, conservative <br /> assumptions were used, including a hydraulic conductivity of 875 gallons per day per <br /> square foot(0.04 cm/sec) and an estimated effective porosity of 35 percent (CH2M Hill <br /> 2000). An estimated groundwater flow velocity was calculated using Darcy's Law: <br /> Ki cm 0.003 sec– ft <br /> V = — _ [(0.04 —)* ]* 2835 ,z� 0.972 ft/day <br /> ne sec 0.35 cm – day <br /> where: V=Groundwater flow velocity. <br /> K=Hydraulic conductivity of the water-bearing unit(0.04 cm/sec). <br /> i=Hydraulic gradient: i�0.003 for the site during the first quarter 2012. <br /> ne=Effective porosity(n,=0.35);an estimated value. <br /> The groundwater flow rate is calculated to be 0.972 feet/day(355 feet/year). <br /> 2.1.4 Detection Monitoring Program <br /> Field and laboratory results for the Forward Unit groundwater monitoring wells for the <br /> first quarter 2012 monitoring period are summarized in Table 2-2. As shown in Table 2- <br /> 2, diisopropyl ether(RIPE) was measured above the PQL in the samples collected from <br /> wells MW-2A and MW-16. In addition, one or more VOCs were measured at estimated <br /> trace concentrations (between the method detection limit [MDL] and the PQL) in the <br /> samples collected from wells MW-14 and the duplicate sample collected from well MW- <br /> 18 during the first quarter 2012 monitoring period. <br /> On behalf of Forward Inc., GLA prepared a letter report dated February 14, 2001 <br /> (RWQCB Case No. 2209),to assess the source and potential impacts of low-level VOCs <br /> in groundwater adjacent to the Forward Landfill. The letter report concluded that the <br /> sporadic detection of low-level VOCs in groundwater(and lysimeter samples) at the <br /> Forward Unit are most likely due to landfill gas from unlined unit WMU-B. The <br /> particular VOCs detected in samples during the current monitoring period appear to <br /> support this conclusion. Forward has continued to minimize gas related impacts to <br /> groundwater by limiting interim fill areas that promote ponding of water. Furthermore, <br /> in accordance with CCR Title 27, Section 20937, Forward continues to install additional <br /> landfill gas extraction wells, as needed. <br /> c:\zoiz-0025\FA_IQl2.aoe 5 Geo-Logic Associates <br />