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05/26/2009 13:27 9518273349 DOUGLAS KUNEY I PAGE 03/14 <br /> ZAC= i TMMMT FOR POULTRY TES <br /> Eldridge R. Collins, ar. <br /> Professor and Extwwioan Agriculture Engineer i <br /> Department of Agri=ltural Eng ering <br /> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University <br /> Slooksburg, VA 24061-0303 <br /> .y <br /> Lagoons offer a method of waste treatment aid handling that <br /> is convenient and, thus, attractive tomanL.-trients <br /> oultry a <br /> producers. These systema are wasterul of since 50 <br /> to 75 percent Of the nitrogen contentmay lost during the <br /> course of traataont and land applicatic� a effluent. Much <br /> of the phosphorus is concentrated in the tom sludge which <br /> is infrequently removed from the lagoon. �'owever, the lass <br /> of nutrients may be a secondary issue sine marry operations <br /> are located on relatively small tracts: of land, and <br /> application of raw wastes at crop utilization rates is not F <br /> possible. in these cases, lagooning and its accompanying <br /> loss of nitrogen effectively reduces the total land <br /> requirement for environmentally safe land 4ipplication. For <br /> those growers who want to incorporate the �n fits of <br /> undereage flushing, the lagoon is a necesadry component of <br /> the total waste removal/handling system. ' <br /> Poultry wastes contain bacte la which, +a►1h the environment <br /> is suitable, grow and multiply while digesting some' of the <br /> wastes. Lagoons are a method of harnessin4 these bacteria <br /> by constructing water impoundments for waste treatment, <br /> storage., and disposal. Tbxee general clash-fications of 4 <br /> bacteria can function its lagoons -- anaemia, aerobic, and <br /> facultative. Anaerobic bacteria do not re4utire free oxygen w <br /> (dissolved in the waste materials) to gnaw land multiply. <br /> Aerobic bacteria require free oxygen for s ivaal* while <br /> facultative bacteria can grow and multiply with or without <br /> tr+M oxygen. Prvoesses which utilise sacs bio bacteria can <br /> decompose more organic matter per unit voles than aerobic <br /> ones, and generally allow the wastes to be more <br /> concentrated; Therefore, anaerobic and/or facultative <br /> processes are often used for additional stabilization of <br /> s1-^Mg organic wastes such an those prodwed in poultry <br /> opearae►tion>a. I <br /> • ,h <br /> Xey factors in the success of a lagoon system are the <br /> adher+ane to applicable state and federal isgulations, <br /> proper const U tion to protect ground and iMrigce waters, <br /> and a gncd understanding of the lisitationi of lagoons. in <br /> areas of moderate or heavy rainfall, suffi6ient cropland, <br /> grassland, or forest land must be aavailablia for effluent <br /> annlication at agronomic rates. Barth (2) 1 in a study of <br /> Meld data from succensful lagoons t the United <br /> States, identified four elements of la <br /> gooai success listed in <br /> 266 <br /> i <br /> I <br />