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RINGS OF FIRE Free Burning Stage would be the most effective means of control and extinguishment on a running Without immediate interdiction in the oil fire. incipient stage the fire will quickly spread through the pile. This is the freeburning As the pile continues to smolder, the stage of the fire. Like plywood, the layers products of incomplete combustion of tread begin to peel away from continue to be a health hazard for fire retreaded tire casings. The tires lose their fighters. Levels of carbon monoxide, shape and begin to flatten out. During polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and this stage there is a dramatic increase in volatile organic chemicals are still a the smoke and heat of the fire. concern in this stage of the fire. In the freeburning stage the tires begin to If the fire is allowed to burn itself out, a compress and collapse. The use of water majority of the tire material will be in this stage of a tire fire could exacerbate consumed. The residual may include ash, the products of incomplete combustion steel, oil, and toxic chemicals. like carbon monoxide and particulate matter. The cooled tires may continue to pyrolize, producing large quantities of oil. SIZE-UP An upper layer of ash and wire begin to During the initial size-up of the tire fire, form a crust over the pile. The fire has your most immediate concern will be the reached a state of chemical equilibrium. threat to life and safety of fire fighters and That is, fuel conversion is equal to the the community. available fuel, heat, and oxygen. The internal temperature of the fire is about Your approach to the incident should be 2,000 degrees fahrenheit. At this juncture in accordance with tactics common to the fire enters into the smoldering stage. other potential hazardous materials incidents upwind and upstream while Smoldering Stage taking into consideration the weather and topography. During the smoldering stage, the oil not consumed in the fire will begin to leach Activating the incident command system into the soil, pool and begin to flow from during the initial size-up will assist you under the pile. Heat from the fire could with the burden of simultaneous decisions ignite the oil, resulting in a running oil and activities. Your incident command fire. structure must evaluate the emergency in terms of A two dimensional oil fire may require different tactics than the three dimensional tire fire. The use of foam 46