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Chlorine <br /> Chlorine is a greenish yellow,nonflammable gas with a pungent, suffocating odor. It is highly toxic and <br /> corrosive,and is one of the most chemically reactive of all elements. It kills bacteria,parasites, and other <br /> pathogens effectively, so it is commonly used to disinfect water and wastewater. Chlorine reacts quickly with <br /> body moisture, and so is extremely irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.At air concentrations as low <br /> as 1 part per million(ppm), chlorine causes a burning sensation in the eyes,nose, and throat. Because of its <br /> suffocating odor and irritating effects,traces of chlorine are readily detected by persons exposed. <br /> The primary routes of exposure to chlorine are by inhalation of accidentally released chlorine gas or direct skin <br /> contact with liquid chlorine. Exposed persons would experience excitement, sneezing and salivation,nausea, and <br /> difficulty breathing. Adverse effects of inhalation could include lung damage, acute respiratory distress, and in <br /> severe cases,pulmonary edema and asphyxiation. Contact with liquid chlorine could cause immediate irritation <br /> and blistering of exposed skin. Because of its toxicity and volatile physical state, chlorine is a dangerous product <br /> and is considered an acutely hazardous material by regulatory agencies. In any atmosphere containing greater than <br /> 0.5 ppm chlorine,personnel should evacuate the contaminated area immediately. <br /> Liquid chlorine is supplied and stored in 1-ton capacity steel containers that are located in a covered chemical <br /> storage room on load cell platforms and trunnion type storage racks. Existing facilities can accommodate up to 10 <br /> containers of chlorine. The liquid chlorine is withdrawn from the steel containers through pressure piping to <br /> evaporation units where it transforms to its gaseous state. The gas is then transported through vacuum piping to <br /> the chlorine contact basins and injected into the treated effluent to achieve disinfection prior to dechlorination and <br /> discharge to the San Joaquin River. <br /> Sulfur Dioxide <br /> Sulfur dioxide is a colorless, corrosive,nonflammable gas. It has a characteristic stinging, suffocating odor that is <br /> intensely irritating to the nose and respiratory tract. The irritation is caused by rapid uptake of sulfur dioxide upon <br /> contact with moist mucous membranes, accompanied by immediate formation of sulfurous acid. Exposure to <br /> sulfur dioxide could cause serious eye,throat, or respiratory injury. <br /> The primary routes of exposure to sulfur dioxide are through direct skin contact or inhalation. Severe or <br /> prolonged inhalation would cause acute respiratory distress, lung damage, or asphyxiation. Exposure to liquid <br /> sulfur dioxide could blister exposed skin. Sulfur dioxide is considered an acutely hazardous material by regulatory <br /> agencies. In any area containing sulfur dioxide concentrations greater than 20 ppm,personnel should evacuate the <br /> contaminated area immediately. Personal protective equipment and training are necessary when working with <br /> sulfur dioxide. <br /> Liquid sulfur dioxide is supplied and stored in 1-ton capacity steel containers that are located in a covered <br /> chemical storage room on load cell platforms and trunnion type storage racks. Existing facilities can <br /> accommodate up to seven containers of sulfur dioxide. The liquid sulfur dioxide is withdrawn from the steel <br /> containers through pressure piping to evaporation units where it transforms to its gaseous state. The gas is then <br /> transported through vacuum piping to the distal end of the chlorine contact basins where it is used to dechlorinate <br /> the wastewater effluent. The disinfected dechlorinated wastewater effluent is then transported through 14,000 feet <br /> of pressure piping to the WQCF outfall where it is discharged to the San Joaquin River.No waste product remains <br /> after dechlorination. <br /> HAZARDOUS MATERIAL DEFINITION <br /> A material is considered hazardous if it appears on a list of hazardous materials prepared by a federal, state, or <br /> local agency, or if it has characteristics defined as hazardous by such agency. A hazardous material is defined in <br /> Title 22 Section 66260.10, of the California Code of Regulations (CCR)as: <br /> EDAW Manteca WQCF and Collection System Master Plans EIR <br /> Hazards and Hazardous Materials 4.6-2 City of Manteca <br />