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Carbon and Alloy Steels
<br />pigmentation of the affected area. Ingestion overexposures to iron may affect the gastrointestinal, nervous,
<br />and hematopoietic system and the liver. Iron and steel founding, but not iron or iron oxide, has been listed
<br />as carcinogenic (Group 1) by IARC.
<br />When this product is welded, fumes are generated. Welding fumes may be different in composition from
<br />the original welding product, with the chief component being ordinary oxides of the metal being welded.
<br />Chronic health effects (including cancer) have been associated with the fumes and dusts of individual
<br />component metals (see above), and welding fumes as a general category have been listed by IARC as a
<br />carcinogen (Group 2B). There is also limited evidence that welding fumes may cause adverse reproductive
<br />and fetal effects. Evidence is stronger where welding materials contain known reproductive toxins, e.g.,
<br />lead, which may be present in the coating material of this product.
<br />Breathing fumes or dusts of this product may result in metal fume fever, which is an illness produced by
<br />inhaling metal oxides. These oxides are produced by heating various metals including cadmium, zinc,
<br />magnesium, copper, antimony, nickel, cobalt, manganese, tin, lead, beryllium, silver, chromium, aluminum,
<br />selenium, iron, and arsenic. The most common agents involved are zinc and copper.
<br />This product may contain small amounts of manganese. Prolonged exposure to manganese dusts or
<br />fumes is associated with "manganism", a Parkinson -like syndrome characterized by a variety of
<br />neurological symptoms including muscle spasms, gait disturbances, tremors, and psychoses.
<br />This product may contain small amounts of cadmium. Primary target organs for cadmium overexposure
<br />are the lung and the kidney. Because of its cumulative nature, chronic cadmium poisoning can cause
<br />serious disease which takes many years to develop and may continue to progress despite cessation of
<br />exposure. Progression of the disease may not reflect current exposure conditions. It is also capable of
<br />causing a painful osteomalacia called "Itai-Itai" in postmenopausal women, and has caused developmental
<br />effects and/or reproductive effects in male and female animals. Cadmium is a listed carcinogen by NTP,
<br />OSHA, and IARC (Group 1).
<br />This product may contain small amounts of chromium. Prolonged and repeated overexposure to chromium
<br />dusts or fumes may cause skin ulcers, nasal irritation and ulceration, kidney damage and cancer of the
<br />respiratory system. Chromium is skin sensitizer. Cancer is generally attributed to the hexavalent (+6) form
<br />of chromium which is listed as a carcinogen by NTP and IARC (Group 1).
<br />This product may contain small amounts of nickel. Prolonged and repeated contact with nickel may cause
<br />sensitization dermatitis. Inhalation of nickel compounds has caused lung damage as well as sinus, nasal
<br />and lung cancer in laboratory animals. Nickel is a listed carcinogen by NTP and IARC (Group 1).
<br />This product may contain small amounts of vanadium. Adverse effects from dermal, inhalation or
<br />parenteral exposure to various vanadium compounds have been reported. The major target for vanadium
<br />pentoxide toxicity is the respiratory tract. Fumes or dust can cause severe eye and respiratory irritation,
<br />and systemic effects. Chronic bronchitis, green tongue, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, rales, chronic
<br />productive cough, and tightness of the chest have been reported following overexposure. Allergic
<br />reactions resulting from skin and inhalation exposures have also been reported. A statistical association
<br />between vanadium air levels and lung cancer has been suggested, but vanadium currently is not regarded
<br />as a human carcinogen.
<br />This product may contain small amounts of lead. Lead can accumulate in the body. Consequently,
<br />exposure to fumes or dust may produce signs of polyneuritis, diminished vision and peripheral neuropathy,
<br />such as tingling and loss of feeling in fingers, arms and legs. Lead is a known reproductive and
<br />developmental toxin. It is also associated with central nervous system disorders, anemia, kidney
<br />dysfunction and neurobehavioral abnormalities. The brain is a major target organ for lead exposure.
<br />Elemental lead is listed as an IARC 2B carcinogen.
<br />The product may contain small amounts of copper. Copper dust and fumes can irritate the eyes, nose and
<br />throat causing coughing, wheezing, nosebleeds, ulcers and metal fume fever. Other effects from repeated
<br />Page 6 of 8 Revision Date: 7/25/2013
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