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DCR-1006A Level Controller Rev. B2, 7/15 <br /> • Understanding Ultrasonics <br /> Ultrasonic sensors use a transducer to transmit bursts of ultrasonic sound <br /> waves. Each burst contains a series of pulsed sound waves that emit in the <br /> shape of a cone, reflect off the target, and are detected by the sensor. The time <br /> required for the sound waves to travel to and from the target is converted into <br /> a distance measurement by the sensor. Ultrasonic sensing is affected by several <br /> factors including the target surface, distance, size, and angle. The following <br /> considerations will help ensure the best possible target conditions. <br /> Surface Distance Size Angle <br /> i�l � . , � iI � � iii � iKel � � � <br /> Surface <br /> The ideal target surface is hard and smooth. This type of surface will reflect a <br /> greater amount of signal than a soft or uneven surface. Sound wave absorbent <br /> materials, such as granules and powders, will reduce the operating range of the <br /> sensor and decrease measurement accuracy. <br /> Distance <br /> Sound wave attenuation increases as the distance traveled increases. <br /> Therefore, targets at longer ranges require better reflective characteristics than <br /> targets that are closer to the sensor. <br /> Size <br /> A large object will have a greater surface area to reflect the signal than a <br /> smaller one. Therefore, a large target will be detected at a greater distance than <br /> a small target. The surface area recognized as the target will generally be the <br /> portion closest to the sensor. <br /> P i <br /> 4 <br />