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05/26/2009 13:14 9518273 49 DOUGLAS KUNEV PAGE 05/09 rtw a . erotic Lagoons Aftorage/Treatment of Livestock Manure versify of M—Page G of 10 i-atn design--Geometry Ciroular or square lagoons faciftele mixing and are usualilt mote W to Construct.Rectangular lagoons may be used,but length to-width ratlos of 3:1 at less are recommended.Avoid Irtarmappendages IsolaW from ilio main body of water:they contribute fails volume and may be a source of nuldence aandibons, Minimum depth should be 8 feet,although 8-to 20400t depths are doom depending off anitriIf numbers,runt fres, slope and underground geology,Deem lagoons offer areae advantog4s: • A smaller surface area requdrktg less land. • More thorough mixing of lagoon contents by rising gas bubbles. • Minimum odors, • Laas ammonia loss to the atmosphem, s R-iFlcierit use tfx marchritow aeration. Earthen dike and bank slopes usually range from 2:1 to 3:1.A slope of ;1 or im is moommended for the establMinent of vegetative cover and for safe mowing.A minimum 10-knot top width Is recommended;however, greater widths may be desirable for operation of tractors with agitVm, An erre Mency spillway should be pro at a minimum of me foot b4 jaw the top of the berm triter allowaneo is made for settlement.it should be located as close to natural ground as posa to,The spillway is intended for darn prateetioon only In ties case of extreme fIWdinQ and is not to bit ured ft a rpilMaW in KAU Of pumping down ft WO&M Construction techniques--Sealing Proper latwon construction will ensure proundwaler resmaroes aro p and the ikon will oerfonri as teouired during its useful life,The fonowing s pa ase included in most guicWno�for accepted construction techniques and methods for lagoons: 1, site pmparatforr Ail trees,grass and organic matter should be removed from the Topsoil should be stackla"ad)aoent to tete aonstruathm alba for later placentent on the loop and exposed alop�a for establish Ing gross tomer.After the foundeffan area Is stripped,Its ba ted to bond with they fol by removing loose,dry matWW:scan"g: disking;adjusting moisture,and compacting as necessary. 2. CL"Otrench A cutoff trench may be required to remove sand,gravel or other I r-conducting materhils to prevent leakage under the embankment. 3. Excavatlefr Room,sand lenses,gravel and other materials not suitable for seklhrg should be removed from the iMpOrNYtIMpn4 Farmrradnn nhexr&i ilr a,dfir.Wnr M mnnfnrr,tf a naval In widilinn to nhfaininp pnipwr 1ppmn vnlrnna 4. Embankments Lagoon embankments should be constructed to Taro for settling�uaualiy 5 percent extra),mowing and erosion prevention.Suitable excavated materials free of sod,roots,frozen sol,aonse more than 6 inches In diameter or WW 014160onabie Inktanal should be used for fill.The minimum Moisture content of the fill mated and foundation should form a ball when Kneaded by hand that will nat separate,UWrlence has shown fftat with suitable avis material,three passes of a sheepstoot rdiler(Flgum 2)per 6-inch fill iitt on the embankment or bottom seal will provicie adequate compacton for sestina, S. Seal eongrt ollon Lagoons must have a seal on the bottom and sides sufficiently rmeable to protect groundwater.Seal corlsi ucdon guidelines call for ovemmovaW and mc6mpactlon of seal material in lots not omeding is inches compactirto depth(not more than a mrd deep tenors&mpacton). i no tow s Inonss or ere bottom sed may be scariffed and compacted In place to eliminate removal and reptaoemem,The seal material should be within two peroenat below and four paroant above the optimum m�stum content for oompactlon.In general,a minimum of a 1dootOick clay seal must be provided an dte txftttrin and skies of a lagoon.The deeper the lagoon,the thicker the required seat,up to 4.6 feet thick far a walir depth of 25 feet.A givers permeability or leach rate,such as 1 x 1W centimeters per second.is a typical seal achstruction specification.Sall amendments such as betrtonite,Bode ash or artificial liners may be required to obtaki a proper seat.The lagoon seal should be c svered arida water irnmodiatoly aftr construction to prownt deyit nM Moking(at toast two foot abovo tho highest bottom eleuaaffala). Figufe 2 v` A sh*sfwt rower is commonly used to compact the Ilay seat during co nntrwion of a lagoon. I I hu►://extensiorLmissouri.edu/publications/Display .aspx?P=EQ387 5/21/2009