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f t FIRST AID EMERGENCY PROCEDURES r First aid is the treatment given a victim prior to the arrival of professional medical assistance. Note: First aid in no way replaces the attention of a physician. If there is any question about the seriousness of an accident victim's injury,contact a doctor as soon as possible. Give the following information: 1. What has happened and when. [ 2. Where the victim is located. 3. What first aid has been provided. While the following guidelines are not a substitute for first aid training,they will help you provide first aid in six serious emergency situations. r I. BROKEN BONES Call for medical assistance. If a doctor or ambulance can arrive within a short time,make no attempt to move the victim unless absolutely necessary. Attempt to immobilize the injured limb to prevent further injury. If the victim must be moved,splint the injured part with any available rigid material Iong enough to reach above and below the brealt. Secure the splint above and below the break. Never attempt to set a broken bone — wait for a doctor. Watch for signs of shock and treat as discussed below. II. BLEEDING Call for medical assistance. If bleeding is severe,apply firm,steady pressure to the wound with layers of sterile gauze pads or bandages. If they aren't available,use any cloth. Do not remove this dressing. If the pad becomes saturated with blood, add more layers. Bandage the pads firmly in place. If no gauze or cloth is available,close the wound with your fingers, holding it closed. Keep the victim lying down until a physician arrives. Elevate the bleeding part to help control blood loss. Never use a {`{ tourniquet to control bleeding unless you are dealing with an amputated, crushed, or mangled limb. I Use a tourniquet ONLY as a last resort effort to save a victim's life, because applying a tourniquet improperly may result in loss of limb. { III. BURNS Minor burns: Immerse burned parts in clear, cold water or apply ice for pain relief. Bandage with sterile pad or clean cloth. If pain persists,apply mild burn ointment. Severe Burns: Call for medical assistance. Take immediate steps to relieve pain,prevent infection,and treat victim for shock as described below. If burn was caused by fire, boiling liquid, or hot metal, do not strip away clothing covering the affected area. Keep air away from burn by covering area loosely in place. Apply NO grease or ointment. Keep victim lying down. If conscious,give victim plenty of water. i Chemical Burns: Flush burn with large amounts of water. Cover burn with cleanest cloth available, and have victim lie down until a doctor arrives. For chemical burns of the eye, flush with great amounts of water immediately,cover the eye,and rush the victim to the doctor.