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4.1 – Air Quality Draft Environmental Impact Report February 2021 14800 W. Schulte Road Logistics Center 4.1-32 consistent with completion of Project construction. Emissions from operation of the Project would include an on-site yard truck, an on-site diesel-fueled fire pump, an on-site diesel fuel storage tank, on-site and off-site truck trips, and on-site truck idling emissions. For risk assessment purposes, PM10 in diesel exhaust is considered DPM, originating mainly from trucks traveling on site and off site, and truck idling located at loading docks on site. Truck travel and idling emission rates were obtained from CARB’s EMFAC2017. Emission factors representing the vehicle mix and emissions for 2022 were used to estimate emissions associated with operation of the Project. Truck idling would be limited to 5 minutes in accordance with CARB’s adopted Airborne Toxic Control Measure; however, truck idling was conservatively assumed to idle for 15 minutes.9 Therefore, the analysis conservatively overestimates DPM emissions from idling. Deliveries were assumed to occur throughout the week (i.e., Monday through Sunday). Similarly, emissions from the yard truck; diesel-fueled fire pump; and benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions from the diesel fuel storage tank were estimated and included in the HRA. Conservatively, a 2022 EMFAC2017 run was conducted and a constant 2022 emissions factor data set was used for the entire duration of the analysis (i.e., 70 years). Use of the 2022 emissions factors would overstate potential impacts since this approach does not include reductions in emissions due to fleet turnover or cleaner technology with lower emissions. The truck travel DPM emissions were calculated by applying the exhaust PM10 emissions factor from EMFAC2017 and the total truck trip number over the length of the distance traveled. In addition, the on-site truck idling exhaust emissions were calculated by applying the idle exhaust PM10 emissions factor from EMFAC2017 and total truck trips over the total idling time (i.e., 15 minutes). The diesel-powered 200-horsepower yard truck DPM emissions were estimated using CalEEMod. The yard truck was assumed to operate 4 hours per day, 365 days per year (1,460 hours per year). The fire pump was assumed to be tested for 1 hour per day and 50 hours per year. CalEEMod was used to estimate emissions from the fire pump testing and maintenance. The diesel fuel storage tank VOC emissions were estimated using TANKS 2.0.9d, and TAC emissions were estimated using SJVAPCD’s Storage Tank Diesel Fugitives emissions workbook (SJVAPCD 2016c). Air dispersion modeling was performed using the EPA’s American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) Version 19191 modeling system (computer software) with the Lakes Environmental Software implementation/user interface, AERMOD View Version 9.9.0, as required by the SJVAPCD. Truck traffic was modeled as a line of adjacent volume sources from Interstate 580 and Interstate 205 to the Project site and truck travel on site to estimate emissions at proximate receptors. The yard truck was modeled as adjacent volume sources on site. Truck idling at the loading docks were modeled as a line of adjacent volume sources. As previously described, health effects from carcinogenic air toxics are usually described in terms of cancer risk. The SJVAPCD recommends a carcinogenic (cancer) risk threshold of 20 in 1 million. Some TACs increase noncancer health risk due to long-term (chronic) exposures. A hazard index less than 1 means that adverse health effects are not expected. Within this analysis, noncarcinogenic exposures of less than 1 are considered less than significant. The exhaust from diesel engines is a complex mixture of gases, vapors, and particles, many of which are known human carcinogens. DPM has established cancer risk factors and relative exposure values for long-term chronic health hazard impacts. Acute relative exposure values are established and regulated for benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions from the diesel fuel storage tank and are included in the HRA. The Project’s potential cancer and noncancer health impacts were evaluated using exposure periods appropriate to evaluate long-term emissions increases (third trimester of pregnancy to 70 years). Emissions dispersion of TAC emissions were modeled using AERMOD, then cancer risk and noncancer health impacts subsequently using the CARB HARP2 (ADMRT, version 19121). The chemical exposure results were then compared to SJVAPCD thresholds to assess Project significance. Principal parameters of this modeling are presented in Table 4.1-7. 9 Although the Project is required to comply with CARB’s idling limit of 5 minutes, on-site idling emissions was estimated for a total of 15 minutes of truck idling (three separate idling events), which would take into account on-site idling at the loading dock and idling during check-in and check-out.