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<br /> 72036 Federal Register: / Vol. 45 No. 212 / Thursday;_October 30; 1980 /' Rules and Regulations
<br /> a
<br /> analytical nfor chromium(VI)as immobile in its-actual management
<br /> These exclusively
<br /> but novas. environinent,inicater tt .chm umonearlyexclsivy. wates as
<br /> o
<br /> determinative,We also-contemplate that remains In thesnsoluble and strongly, are ordinarily managed in landfills,;and
<br /> generators will demonstrate:the.absence 'adsorbed trivalent state,.and therefore.is so are unlikely to be oxidized:
<br /> of hexavalent chromium by sng not being
<br /> oxidizedsee e:8. Comments The third rou o wastes_
<br /> wit th
<br /> e
<br /> process einformation, , July 18,1980; temporary xclusiare wastewater
<br /> showing that the•industrialp ocess Comments of Alle f,Young tratmentslus from the'production
<br /> of
<br /> generating the waste does-not-generate., Baumgartner;July.11,4980 where Ti02(titanium dioxide)pigment using
<br /> hexavalent chromium,so that appropriate leachate and^groundwater. chromium bearing ores bythe°chloride
<br /> hexavalent
<br /> ce�mibe
<br /> IT wast data is-presented). process,(EPA Hazardous Waste Nbi,
<br /> la ntrwill be pin addition f monitoring
<br /> i K074).The chromium in the process
<br /> minimy s Meetmg,the Temporary
<br /> o effluentls:trivalent,..arising,directl"y from
<br /> Exclusion Factors
<br /> process information,leachate and � the entirely trivalent componentof the.
<br /> groundwater monitoring data and EP' We are presently aware of three rutile or ilmenite ores-usedas a raw
<br /> extract analyses are highly probative, groups of wastes meeting,the temporary` material.At no-stage-off the.
<br /> since if chromium is shown to be exclusion factors.The first group:are#lie manu£acturing.process.is.there:an
<br /> frit It i tannery wastes listed arhazardous in opportunity'for°oxidation of the.trivalent
<br /> P
<br /> trivalentn s'
<br /> the likelihoodY' p §261.32(EPA Hazardous-Waste'Nos: chromium°.Tho resultant:sludges-thug.
<br /> is
<br /> a immo ile. othe.
<br /> s resent in
<br /> state. K053-058),and any other waste scrap are.expected to contain.only trivalent;
<br /> We also believe thatat present there leather generated by-the-leather tanning., chromium.(;See Conimments:of.E.I..du.
<br /> is no adequate assurance that industry.As shown-in the comment's of POntdeNemours:&Co:,September-15,.
<br /> chromium-bearing wastes do not many individuaffiinners'and the 1980,pp.8.A0:de66ribing.the,Ti02 '
<br /> contain potentially harmful comments of`the Tanners'Council*of manufactudrfgprocess,-.and.showing
<br /> America,these wastes contain nearly' that only,chromium:(HI)is present;:
<br /> trivalent
<br /> concentrations
<br /> �odsm��l Qadls�n�tltselfis m; exclusively tiivalentchromiimt:The leachate-data-submitted in.these-
<br /> Although we industrial processgenerating:the waste comments likewise-tends to-show that.
<br /> are aware that the standard method of likewise utilizes trivalent cbromium. only,trivalenti:chromium-is:present:)
<br /> treatment Hides,in fact,cannot be tanned These.wastes,are.usually,. isposed of:in7
<br /> chromium and tewate hate r d Tanners thus with hexavalent chromium. landfills, b ocearrdum in One: cant
<br /> ers.is to reduce the successfully° y: p g:-. p
<br /> precipitate either use-tirivalent' uses,a lined lagoon.and.one:uses'deep;
<br /> chromium.(M)•hydroxide,we.believe chromium as a:tanning agent,or;should weillinjection:.(iJ.S,:EPAHazardous
<br /> that-this process isoften incomplete, trivalent chromium be unavallabie,use° Wast Usting.Backgro'tmd Document,
<br /> absent a strong economic incentive to; hexavelentclimmium,and reduce-X'so July7`,1980;•pp.87•-89.)*'Tliese.disposal;
<br /> fully reduce all chromium present. that the tanningprocess can'be situations-do not offer.'apportunity:for,
<br /> Certainly,we believe it would be.highly completed.In either case,there appears the oxidation'.of the:,chromium-
<br /> imprudent to exclude from regulation to bean overwhelming commercial component.,.(Ham.1979,Fukai,,R.,1967,
<br /> these wastes,even temporarily,absent incentive to.keep hexavalent chromium Valency;State of Chromium in-Sea
<br /> much greater assurance that they do not out of the process.and`hence out the Water,Nature 218:901):,
<br /> contain potentially danSerous amounts process wastes._ III.procedures for Obtaining,a:
<br /> of hexavalent chromium. These wastes furthermore ordinarily Temporary Exclusion
<br /> Finally,to.assure that any trivalent are managed in non-oxidizing landfill
<br /> chromium which migrates from the environments..We.therefombelieve that' The temporary exclusion_ismot1imited
<br /> waste will` of axiciize to;he hexavale„nt an adequate showing has been made to to the waterdiscussedspecifically in
<br /> „
<br /> state,we will require that-the wastesbe° justify the temporary-exclusionof these. Part 11 above.,Otherwastes.aiso may
<br /> managed typically and frequently in wastes due to their chromium content.2 meet the temporary exclusionfactors:
<br /> non-oxi'dizing environments.A non- The second group of wastes within the and`will be'excluded.if a proper..
<br /> oxidizing environmentis one in which temporaryexclusiori is wasteleather . showing,is made:tmthe.Agency.
<br /> there is either a relative lack of oxygen scrap from the shoe manufacturing-and, Eligibility fora temporary exclusion,
<br /> or one which contains reducing agents other leather product:manufacturing may,be requested.by.'filing a-petition for
<br /> sufficiently strong to cause reduction of industries.3 These.wastew are rulemaking:under;§`260.20(a).Petitions-
<br /> the
<br /> etitionsthe contaminant in question.These substantively identical:to tannery, may be filed.by individual,generators„or,
<br /> conditions ordinarilyare present in wastes(beingcomposed'of the same' onanindustry-wide liasis:Each petition
<br /> landfills and surface impoundments. trivalent chromium-tanned hides must demonstrate.why the--wa-stes in
<br /> (Ham,R.A.,et al.,1978,Background' involved In.thetanning process),.and-sor question meet the temporary.exclusion
<br /> Stud yy on the Development ora Standard standards.Petitions then will be
<br /> Leaching Test.) =Since these- were listed for reasoiesin_ processed by the Agency,inacCOrd'.with
<br /> The Agency believes that Site: temporary exclusion for m concentrations.the the procedures set forth iii§:260.20(c),
<br /> chromium does not by.,itself.
<br /> nitoring data is particularly (e).It:shoulii be.noted sthatgeneraYors of:
<br /> m0 remove them from the-hazardous_waste
<br /> Important in demonstrating that management system.we are,however,delisting the wastes which already,-have:been
<br /> chromium-bearing wastes are being tannery wastes for these.-additional factors in an determined to be^within:the.temporary.
<br /> managed in non-oxidizing environments. action taken elsewhere-in'tbday,'s Federal Register. exclusion_(i:e.,the.W86teS.di3cUSse'd'in,
<br /> The net result of"these actions will be that these.
<br /> Thus,a demonstration by means of II.above)are not..required to petition the.
<br /> ry ll'na longer be listed;wilI'not'b'e
<br /> ., s essential) hazardous f °o�ous x mmiuhey it the w llbtoxicity, Agency.
<br /> e'ad groundwater
<br /> main tonne wastes will
<br /> lCIICliat Water monitoring
<br /> dela th .. otef chrnmium,but wII[be:
<br /> at Chromiu y y ail.the EP toxicity characteristic IV.Interim,Fiital'Promulgatio&
<br /> I liexavatent chromium concentrations below 5 for any other constituent,or.fail any other The temporary,exclusion for this
<br /> MA ter[dttily,will be considered minimal.This. characteristic:
<br /> kyA 16 b= - limited class of chromium=bearin
<br /> on the maximum concentration level- 'Those wastes'were not fisted,but some may fail' g
<br /> for hex*vaalent chromium to be contained in the the:test for the baracteristio:ofEP toxicity for wastes is being piomulgatedin interim
<br /> amended characteristic of EP toxicity.. chromium. final:£orm.;Ths,the,three;types of
<br /> `, ..r .^ . gym' <i, , .ii..^.., . rr,, , ,,. u „d,i,• „..�� i iii errr.r n i,r a„•, .w,
<br />
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