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City of Lathrop Travel Demand Model and VMT Methodology October 28, 2020 Page 5 of 7 worker in Lathrop drives a short distance within the city to have lunch, the entire length of the trip is counted as non-home-based Employment VMT for the office, and non-home-based Employment VMT for the food establishment. For this reason, Project-generated VMT should always be presented as Residential VMT and Employment VMT for each employment category. Summing VMT across land use categories should be avoided, as it would result in double counting VMT. In general, VMT per Residents and VMT per employee are lower in areas where a well-balanced mix of housing, employment, and commercial uses support short local trips. When a city has more housing than employment and commercial uses, some residents must travel out of the city to work or obtain goods and services.Conversely, an oversupply of employment and commercial uses would attract workers and visitors from outside the city. In either case, the longer inter-city and inter- regional trips contribute to an increase in Residential VMT or Employment VMT. In the City of Lathrop Travel Demand Model, changes in the distribution of jobs and housing within the model area is a main contributor to changes in Project-generated VMT. The City of Lathrop Travel Demand Model captures vehicle trips that occur partially outside the model area. The Travel Demand Model uses gateways to capture vehicle travel beyond the model area and estimates VMT associated with the entire vehicle trip.Gateways in the City of Lathrop Travel Demand Model include Interstate 5 (I-5), State Route 99 (SR 99), Interstate 205 (1-205), Yosemite Avenue, and other major roads used for regional travel.Vehicle trip distribution to different gateways and average travel distance beyond each gateway is calibrated using CHTS data, ACS data, and the SJCOG Three County Travel Demand Model. For trips produced and attracted at each gateway, the average distance traveled beyond the gateway is added to the vehicle's distance traveled within the model area. As part of the River Islands project, Fehr & Peers developed a version of the City of Lathrop Travel Demand Model that simulates the benefits of introducing high capacity commuter rail/transit. Based on ridership forecasts published by the Valley Link commuter rail service,the River Islands and North Lathrop Valley Link stations would carry approximately 7,000 daily passengers to and from the San Francisco Bay Area. Therefore, in the River Islands Development Cumulative Plus Proposed Phase 2 Project (With Valley Link) scenario, the Travel Demand Model was modified to reflect the reduction of 7,000 single-occupancy home-based work vehicle trips that travel to and from the San Francisco Bay Area via 1-205. VMT Glossary Project-generated VMT is the primary VMT metric used in the City of Lathrop Travel Demand Model. Project-generated VMT measures the amount of all vehicle type travel generated by a project (i.e., number of vehicle trips multiplied by their corresponding trip lengths), over a weekday 24-hour time