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Soil Investigations for Data Collection in the Delta Initial Study/Proposed Mitigated Negative Declaration 135 research that occurred in the Sacramento River between Sacramento City and Sherman Island alone. Many of these have not been relocated, with only rough estimations as to their locations established by the Shipwreck Database and previous research by the California State Lands Commission (CSLC 1988; CSLC 2019); however, some historical shipwrecks have been encountered during previous projects, and locations of these have been recorded in the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS). The potential for encountering historical material is higher than for prehistoric within submerged contexts due to a tendency of poor preservation of organic material in water. 3.5.1.1 Regulatory Setting Cultural resources include any artifact, object, building, structure, site, shipwreck, area, or place that is historical and/or archaeological in nature. State laws and regulations providing the definitions, protections, and management of cultural resources relevant to this Proposed Project include: • California Environmental Quality Act, Pub. Resources Code, sections 21083.2 and 21084.1 • California Environmental Quality Act, CEQA Guidelines section 15064.5 • California Public Resources Code sections 5020.1, 5024 et seq. and 5097.98 • California Health and Safety Code sections 7050.5(b)and 7050.5(c) 3.5.1.2 Methods and Cultural Resource Inventory Findings For the purposes of the Cultural Resources Review, each individual Impact Area was assessed with a 60-foot radius buffer (i.e. 120-foot diameter buffer) for equipment staging and accessibility. Geophysical Lines were assessed using a 20-foot buffer for the same purposes. Previous studies and recorded cultural resources within a 0.25-mile radius buffer were searched for and examined in addition to the Impact Area to help evaluate the potential sensitivity for cultural resources within the proposed Study Area. CHRIS record searches from the Northwest Information Center (NWIC), North Central Information Center (NCIC), and the Central California Information Center (CCaIC) were conducted to identify all previously recorded cultural resources and any resources listed in or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources and/or the National Register of Historic Places. A Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File search request for the Study Area was also made and found 3 of the quadrangles within the Study Area as having Sacred Lands on file. A search of the Office of Coast Survey’s Automated Wreck and Obstruction Information System (AWOIS) was additionally conducted to locate any potential underwater cultural resources as part of the survey effort (Office of Coast Survey 2018). Previously conducted geoarchaeological sensitivity studies covering the Study Area (Rosenthal and Meyer 2004; Meyer and Rosenthal 2007; Meyer and Rosenthal 2008; Reynolds 2012), producing maps and data on the likelihood of encountering buried deposits based on local geology, soil deposition processes, landforms, and radiocarbon data