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3: Hazard Analysis Health and Safety Plan <br />vomiting, other blood effects, dermatitis, and fever. In industry, inhalation is the primary <br />route of chronic benzene poisoning. If the liquid is aspirated into the lung it may cause <br />pulmonary edema. Poisoning by skin contact has also been reported. Exposure to high <br />concentrations (3,000 ppm) may result in acute poisoning, which is characterized by the <br />narcotic action of benzene on the central nervous system. Chronic poisoning occurs most <br />commonly through inhalation and dermal absorption. Benzene is a known human <br />carcinogen that can cause leukemia. <br />The OSHA PEL is listed as 1 ppm. <br />The Cal/OSHA PEL is listed as 1 ppm. <br />The TLV is listed as 0.5 ppm. <br />Note: Published exposure limits designate a skin notation indicating that dermal contact <br />can contribute to the overall exposure. <br />WARNING: This chemical is known to the State of California to cause cancer. <br />WARNING: This chemical is known to the State of California to cause birth defects <br />or other reproductive harm. <br />TOLUENE <br />Toluene is a colorless liquid with a benzol-like odor. Human systemic effects of exposure to <br />toluene include central nervous system changes, hallucinations or distorted perceptions, <br />motor activity changes, psychophysiological changes, and bone marrow changes. It is a <br />severe eye irritant and an experimental teratogen. Inhalation of high vapor concentrations <br />may cause impairment of coordination and reaction time, headaches, nausea, eye irritation, <br />loss of appetite, a bad taste in the mouth, and lassitude. <br />The OSHA PEL is listed as 200 ppm. <br />The Cal/OSHA PEL is listed as 50 ppm. <br />The TLV is listed as 20 ppm. <br />Note: Published exposure limits designate a skin notation indicating that dermal contact <br />can contribute to the overall exposure. <br />WARNING: This chemical is known to the State of California to cause birth defects <br />or other reproductive harm. <br />ETHYLBENZENE <br />Ethylbenzene is a clear, colorless liquid. It is mildly toxic by inhalation and skin contact. <br />Inhalation can cause eye, sleep, and pulmonary changes. It is an eye and skin irritant at levels <br />as low as 0.1% (1,000 ppm) of the vapor in air. At higher concentrations, it is extremely <br />irritating at first, then can cause dizziness, irritation of the nose and throat, and a sense of <br />BROWN AND CALDWELL <br />3-2