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3: Hazard Analysis Health and Safety Plan 3.4.4 Materials and Equipment Handling - Lifting The movement and handling of equipment and materials on the Site pose a risk to workers in the form of muscle strains and minor injuries. These injuries can be avoided by using safe handling practices, proper lifting techniques, and proper personal safety equipment such as steel-toed boots and sturdy work gloves. Where practical, mechanical devices will be utilized to assist in the movement of equipment and materials. Workers will not attempt to move heavy objects by themselves without using appropriate mechanical aids such as drum dollies or hydraulic lift gates. Proper lifting techniques include the following. Lift with the strength of your knees, not your back. Firmly plant your feet approximately shoulder-width apart. Turn your whole body, don't bent or twist at the waist. Be sure that the path is clear of obstructions or tripping hazards; avoid carrying objects that will obstruct your vision. Use caution when holding an object from the bottom to prevent crushing of the hands or fingers when lowering. 3.4.5 Excavations A competent person who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them, will be present during excavation activities. The atmosphere will be tested in excavations, before employees are permitted to enter and begin work, greater than 4 feet in depth or where oxygen deficiency or toxic or flammable gases are likely to be present. The atmosphere shall be ventilated and re-tested until flammable gas concentrations less than 10 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) and site-specific action levels are obtained. Worker entry will not be allowed if the oxygen concentration is less than 19.5 percent. In addition, a safe means of access and egress (i.e., a ladder, stairs or ramp) must be provided so that no more than 25 feet of lateral travel is required by employees. Workers will not enter unstable excavations or excavations greater than 5 feet in depth without appropriate protective systems such as benching, sloping, or shoring. If shoring or shielding systems are not used, side slopes will not be steeper than 11/2:1 without written confirmation from the competent person that slope is safe for the soil conditions. Excavations will be constructed in accordance with the OSHA Excavation Safety Standard (29CFR1926 Subpart P). The competent person will inspect excavations daily. If there is evidence that a cave-in or slide is possible, work will cease until the necessary safeguards have been taken. Excavated material will be placed far enough from the edge of the excavation (a minimum of 2 feet) so that it does not fall back into the opening or affect the integrity of the sidewall. At the end of each day's activities, open excavations will be clearly marked and secured to prevent nearby workers or unauthorized personnel from entering them. Remote sampling techniques will be the preferred method of sample collection in excavations. BROWN AND CALDWELL 3-7