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• <br />APPENDIX A:DIRECT PUSH SOIL SAMPLING METHODS <br />Method Summary and Equipment <br />The sampling method, known as the direct push method, involves sampling devices <br />that are directly inserted into the soil to be sampled without drilling or borehole <br />excavation. Direct push sampling consists of advancing a sampling device into the <br />subsurface by applying static pressure, impacts, or vibration or any combination <br />thereof to the aboveground portion of the sampler extensions until the sampler has <br />been advanced its full length into the desired soil strata. No specific guidance or <br />standards document the "direct push sampling method," but the guidance is a <br />modification of standards from the Shelby tube, split-spoon, piston, and <br />penetrometer methods. The method is employed under various protocols by <br />commercial entities and called by various proprietary names (i.e., Geoprobe). Direct <br />push methods may be used to collect soil, and in some cases, the method may be <br />combined with sampling devices capable of water and/or vapor sampling. The <br />equipment generally used in direct push sampling is small and relatively compact <br />allowing for better mobility around the site and access to confined areas. Direct push <br />insertion methods include static push, impact, percussion, other vibratory driving, <br />and combinations of these methods using direct push equipment adapted to drilling <br />rigs, cone penetrometer units (the reference standard for which is ASTM D 5778-95, <br />and specially designed percussion/direct push combination machines. Standard <br />drilling rods used for rotary drilling are sometimes used when sampling is done at <br />the base of drill holes. A direct push soil sampling system consists of a sample <br />collection tool; hollow extension rods for advancement, retrieval, and transmission of <br />energy to the sampler; and an energy source to force penetration by the sampler. <br />Sampling Procedure <br />The following procedure may be used when sampling soil by the direct push method: <br />Assemble decontaminated direct push sampling device that will be pushed into the <br />ground to collect data or samples. <br />Advance the sampling device into subsurface soils by applying static pressure, <br />impacts, or vibration or any combination thereof to the aboveground portion of the <br />sampler extensions until the sampler has been advanced its full length into the <br />desired soil strata. <br />I:\Project\ 1 4000s\14527 Westway Stockton \3000 Reports\WorkPlan\Appendix_a.doc