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Qualified Exposure Risk: Moderate to High Primary "Conhol": Behavior Maintenance Heat Stress Hazard: Heat stress occurs when the body produces or absorbs more heat than it is able to dissipate. Heat is produced internally as the result of metabolic activity and increases with body activity or the level of physical work being performed. Heat can be absorbed by the body from ambient air and from the radiant heat of the sun. The body's ability to absorb heat is therefore affected by physical factors, such as using PPE, and outside factors such as the ambient air temperature and humidity, air density, radiant energy, and cloud cover, wind velocity and air flow, and localized heat generation, such as that from power equipment. The body's ability to dissipate heat to the environment is dependent on factors such as the amount of heat and radiant energy in the ambient environment, exposure to the ambient or radiant heat in that environment, and its own inherent ability to cool itself (perspiration). Exposure to ambient conditions is affected by such factors as wind velocity or air flow, cloud cover or shade, and the type of protective clothing being worn. Its ability to cool itself is affected by its own inherent bio -variability. Any of these factors may contribute to a loss of body fluids and electrolytes, and an increase in body temperature. A significant increase in body temperature can be life-threatening and rapidly become fatal or result in permanent injury. Heat stress may cause any of the following conditions: heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion and/or heat stroke. Heat Cramps Heat cramps are caused by perspiration that is not balanced by adequate fluid and electrolyte intake. Heat cramps are often the first sign of a condition that may lead to heat stroke. Symptoms: Acute painful spasms of voluntary muscles; e.g. abdomen and extremitiesW Treatment: Remove victim to a cool area and loosen clothing. Have victim drink 1-2 cups of water (preferably supplemented with an electrolyte solution such as GatoradeTM) immediately, and every 20 minutes thereafter until symptoms subside. Total water consumption should be 1-2 gallons per day. Consult with a physician. Heat Sy ncope Syncope or sudden loss of consciousness may be a consequence of heat illness, particularly when the worker stands relatively still in a hot COSTERA WASTE &ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 17 MAY 4, 2021