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gloves, to minimize contact are addressed elsewhere in this plan. Because of the relatively low vapor pressures associated with PHCs, an
<br />inhalation hazard in the outdoor environment is not likely.
<br />0 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Prolonged skin contact with PCBs may cause the formation of comedones, sebaceous cysts, and/or
<br />pustules (a condition known as chloracne). PCBs are considered to be suspect carcinogens and may also cause reproductive damage.
<br />The OSHA PELs for PCBs are as follows:
<br />Compound PEL (8-hour TWA)
<br />Chlorodiphenyl (42% Chlorine) 1 mg/m3-Skin
<br />Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) 0.5 mg/m3 -Skin
<br />It should be noted that PCBs have extremely low vapor pressures (0.001 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) at 42% Chlorine and 0.00008
<br />mm Hg at 54% Chlorine). This makes it unlikely that any significant vapor concentration (i.e., exposures above the OSHA PEL) will be
<br />created in the ambient environment. This minimizes the potential for any health hazards to arise due to inhalation unless the source is heated
<br />or generates an airborne mist. If generated, vapor or mists above the PEL may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. The exposure
<br />limits noted above are considered low enough to prevent systemic effects, but it is not known if these levels will prevent local effects. It
<br />should also be noted that both PELs carry the Skin notation, indicating that these compounds adversely affect or penetrate the skin. OSHA
<br />specifies that skin exposure to substances carrying this designation be prevented or reduced through the use of the appropriate PPE.
<br />El Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to the relatively low vapor pressure of PAR compounds, vapor hazards at ambient
<br />temperatures are not expected to occur. However, if site conditions are dry, the generation of contaminated dusts may pose a potential
<br />inhalation hazard. Therefore, dust levels should be controlled with wetting, if necessary. Repeated contact with certain PAH compounds
<br />has been associated with the development of skin cancer. Contact of PAR compounds with the skin may cause photosensitization of the
<br />skin, producing skin burns after subsequent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Protective measures, such as the wearing of chemically
<br />resistant gloves, are appropriate when handling PAH-contaminated materials.
<br />Tetraethyl and Tetramethyl Lead. Both compounds are used as anti-knock ingredients in gasoline. The inhalation of tetraethyl lead dusts
<br />may result in irritation of the respiratory tract. This dust, when in contact with moist skin or eye membranes, may cause itching, burning,
<br />and transient redness.
<br />The direct absorption of a sufficient quantity of tetraethyl lead, whether briefly at a high rate, or for prolonged periods at a low rate, may
<br />cause acute intoxication of the central nervous system. Mild degrees of intoxication may cause headache, anxiety, insomnia, nervous
<br />excitation, and minor gastrointestinal disturbances.
<br />Z Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). See BTEX compounds and Chlorinated Organic Compounds.
<br />Waste Oil See Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs) and Cutting Oil.
<br />Hazard Assessment: Biological Hazards and Related Concerns
<br />0 Insects. Insects represent significant sources (vectors) of disease transmission. Therefore, precautions to avoid or minimize potential
<br />contact should be considered prior to all field activities. Disease or harmful effects can be transmitted through bites, stings, direct contact
<br />with insects, or ingestion of foods contaminated by certain insects. Examples of diseases transmitted by insect bites include encephalitis
<br />and malaria from contaminated mosquitoes and Lyme disease and spotted fever from contaminated ticks. Stinging insects, such as bees
<br />and wasps, are prevalent throughout the country, particularly during the warmer months. The stings of these insects can be painful and
<br />cause serious allergic reactions to some individuals.
<br />CI Lyme Disease. Lyme disease is an infection caused by the bite of certain ticks, primarily deer, dog and wood ticks. The symptoms of
<br />Lyme disease usually start out as a skin rash then progress to more serious symptoms. The more serious symptoms can include lesions,
<br />headaches, arthritis, and permanent damage to the neurological system. If detected early, the disease can be treated successfully with
<br />antibiotics. The following steps are recommended for prevention of Lyme disease and other diseases transmitted by ticks: a) Beware of tall
<br />grass, bushes, woods, and other areas where ticks may live; b) Wear good shoes, long pants tucked into socks, a shirt with a snug collar,
<br />good cuffs around the wrists, and tails tucked into the pants. Insect/tick repellents may also be useful; c) Carefully monitor for the presence
<br />ofticics. Carefully inspect clothes and skin when undressing. If a tick is attached to the skin, it should be removed with fine-tipped tweezers.
<br />You should be alert for early symptoms over the next month or so. If you suspect that you have been bitten by a tick, you should contact a
<br />physician for medical advice.
<br />1:1 Medical Wastes and Bloodborne Diseases. Any field activity where exposure to medical wastes or other sources of bloodbome pathogens
<br />can be reasonably anticipated must be conducted in accordance with the OSHA (29 CFR 1910.1030) Bloodbome Pathogens standard.
<br />According to the OSHA definition, Bloodbome Pathogens mean pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause
<br />disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
<br />Wherever there is a potential for employee skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral (skin or membrane piercing) contact with blood or
<br />other potentially infectious sources, employers must develop a Written Exposure Control Plan.
<br />Partner Site-Specific I lealth and Safety Plan Page 10
<br />Version 1.02 February 1,2018
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