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NA = Not Applicable Note, the screening levels for naphthalene are the same for the top 5 feet and for 5 to 10 feet bgs based on volatilization to outdoor air. This is because naphthalene is only carcinogenic from the inhalation exposure pathway and not from oral or dermal contact. The screening levels based on carcinogenic mode of action and inhalation were the most conservative (i.e., the carcinogenic screening levels were less than the noncarcinogenic screening levels). 6 APPLYING SOIL SCREENING LEVELS The maximum concentrations of petroleum constituents in soil should be compared to those listed in Table 8 for the specified depth bgs and the receptor scenario. The concentration limits for 0 to 5 feet bgs are protective for ingestion of soil, dermal contact with soil, inhalation of volatile soil emissions, and inhalation of particulate emissions, and the 5 to 10 feet bgs concentration limits are protective for inhalation of volatile soil emissions in outdoor air. Both the 0 to 5 feet bgs concentration limits and the 5 to 10 feet bgs concentration limits for the appropriate site classification (residential or commercial/industrial) shall be satisfied. In addition, if exposure to construction workers or utility trench workers is reasonably anticipated, the concentration limits for the utility worker shall also be satisfied. 7 DISCUSSION This document has presented soil screening levels to be used to identify sites that are low threat to human health risk for the direct contact pathways from impacted soil. These soil screening levels are designed to be used in conjunction with the Vapor Intrusion Criteria and Groundwater Criteria to determine if the site is a low-threat from all exposure pathways. OEHHA has indicated that the residential exposure scenario is protective for other sensitive uses of a site. This means that these screening levels are also appropriate for other sensitive uses of the property (e.g., day-care centers and hospitals; OEHHA 2005). 9