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Serious <br />Injury or <br />Fatality NOIS' <br />Safeguards <br />Initiating <br />Event <br />Process Safety <br />We always assure safeguards <br />are in place and functioning <br />We process, handle and transport hazardous <br />materials every day. To do this safely, we must <br />always maintain containment and control of these <br />materials. Maintaining effective barriers, systems <br />and safeguards is critical to preventing loss of <br />process containment. <br />Significant Loss of <br />Containment Events <br />Fires and vapor cloud explosions can be <br />fatal to workers in the immediate vicinity or <br />surrounding area. <br />Toxic and hazardous releases in sufficient <br />quantities can be fatal to anyone who is exposed. <br />Release of hazardous energy or material can <br />cause significant equipment damage and endanger <br />nearby workers. <br />Key Preventive Activities <br />Maintain operation within safe limits. <br />Follow operating procedures. <br />Follow Management of Change procedures. <br />Follow isolation procedures. <br />Perform inspections and preventive maintenance. <br />Follow maintenance procedures. <br />Maintain process safety information. <br />25 Assess all of your job's specific hazards <br />Safeguards4 <br />Operate in accordance with procedures, and <br />maintain the primary layers of protection. <br />Identify critical process parameters, and stay <br />within defined safe operating limits. <br />C Maintain the integrity of protective systems <br />such as detectors, alarms, shut-ins, interlocks, <br />over-speed trips, relief devices and fire <br />protection systems. <br />Assure proper isolation when opening process <br />equipment or piping. <br />C Follow documented maintenance procedures. <br />C Provide onsite supervisory control, including <br />pre-job walk-through and during work activities. <br />Communicate effectively when issuing or <br />receiving permits so that everybody understands <br />the process hazards and how to safely transfer <br />equipment custody between work crews <br />and operations. <br />Address condition changes that may affect <br />process operations and equipment. <br />Recognize process changes and follow <br />Management of Change (MOC) procedures <br />when appropriate. <br />Conduct pre-startup safety reviews before <br />introducing hazardous material or energy to verify <br />equipment is safe to start up. <br />Identify abnormal conditions and report them <br />to supervision. <br />Make certain that emergency procedures are well- <br />understood and rescue drills conducted regularly. <br />Report all loss of containment events: investigate <br />to determine root causes and prevent recurrence. <br />'The "Sw,ss Cheese Model" descr :,-es how acc dents may oe caused. <br />It proposes tnat ;nc,dents are the resuit of a series of failures <br />naws in existing saf eguards (procedures. training, inspection. <br />&arms. etc.). rye shces of Sw,ss cheese represent the safeguards, <br />and tne hoes we tne failures or flaws n eacn safeguard. Hay, no <br />multiple safeguards ,11 place is analogous to a stack of Ofe,ent <br />of Swiss cheese. Its when the holes line up and allow success <br />failures to go unchecked that a serous incident occurs <br />James Reason 0990-10-26). HUrnan E ,ror. Camoridge <br />Press. ISBN 052'314194 <br />• •• Did you assess for human performance? 26 •