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COMMERCIAL COMPOSTING WATER QUALITY PERMIT DEVELOPMENT <br /> TABLE 2-4 <br /> Reported Concentrations of Pathogens in Food Waste Compost Leachate <br /> Turned Windrow Passively Aerated Windrow <br /> Salmonella Fecal coliform Salmonella Fecal coliform <br /> Date (MPN/100mi) (MPN/100ml) (MPN/100ml) (MPN/100ml) <br /> April 25 to May 9,2002 N/A N/A N/A N/A <br /> (process week 6-8) 11 <br /> Note:The Willamette River Basin Water Quality Standards(ORS 340-041-0445)for bacteria state that freshwaters <br /> and estuarine waters shall not exceed: (i)A 30-day log mean of 126 E.Coli organisms per 100 ml, based on a <br /> minimum of five(5)samples; (ii)No single sample shall exceed 406 E.Coli organisms per 100 mi. It is important to <br /> note that while the Clean Water Act names total and Fecal coliform as pollutants,they are not necessarily disease <br /> causing organisms,but are used as indicators to show fecal material might be present. It is also important to note <br /> that the widely reported E.Coli 0157:1-17 has not been associated with compost products but has been associated <br /> with un-composted cattle manure in some cases of fruit and meat contamination. <br /> Table adapted from: (Tetra Tech Inc.,2002) <br /> N/A=Not Applicable <br /> 2.3.2 Runoff <br /> Similarly to compost leachate,the quality of runoff is dependent on a variety of factors (e.g., <br /> compost feedstock type, compost method,age of compost,stability of compost,site controls, <br /> and climate).Runoff can be composed of mixtures of stormwater,process stormwater, <br /> compost leachate, or washwater that leaves the site.As such,the quality of the runoff can <br /> vary greatly depending on the site controls (for separation of water streams) that are present <br /> at the facility.One of the major concerns with runoff is the introduction of excess nutrients <br /> and high oxygen demand to surface waters.Table 2-5 shows the reported concentrations of <br /> various nutrients in runoff from three different types of facilities.The compost that used <br /> manure as a compost feedstock had the highest concentrations of nutrients. Out of all the <br /> constituents, ammonia-nitrogen was detected in the highest concentrations from all three <br /> types of compost. However,high concentrations of the other nutrients were also detected. <br /> Based on the concern associated with the introduction of nutrients and high oxygen demand <br /> into surface waters and the fact that ammonia is a unstable intermediate(and therefore not a <br /> reliable constituent to monitor),it may be very beneficial to monitor nitrate/nitrite as <br /> nitrogen,phosphorus, and BODS. <br /> 10 PDX/041320015.DOC <br />