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1 a. Standard and line pipe. This material (4) ASTM A441, "Tentative Specification shall meet one of the following specifications, .includ;_ ng the for High-Strength Low Allo latest revision thereof: y Structural Manganese Vanadium (1) API Std. 51t, "Specification for Steel". Line Pipe". (5) ASTM A570, "Standard Specification (2) APT Std. 5Lx, "Specification for for Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Sheet High-Test Line Pipe". and Strip, Structural Quality". (3) ASTM A53, "Standard Specification c. High strength carbon steel sheets for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot- referred to by their manufacturers and fabricators as well Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and casing steel". At present, there are no standard speci.fica- Seamless". tions concerning this material. However, the major steel producers market products whose chemical and physical (4) ASTM A120, "Standard Specification properties are quite similar. Each sheet of material shall for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot- contain mill markings which will identify the manufacturer Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) and specify that the material is well casing steel which Welded and Seamless, for Ordinary complies with the chemical and physical properties published Uses". by the manufacturer. (5) ASTM A134, "Standard Specification d. Stainless steel casing shall meet the provisions of ASTM A409, Standard Specification for Welded for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or High Steel Pipe (sizes NPS 16 and over)". Temperature Service". (6) ASTM A135, "Standard Specification 3. Plastic is also used as casing for water for Electric-Resistance-Welded wells in many locations under a variety of circumstances.f Steel Pipe". Because large-diameter (10 inches or 250 millimetres and larger) plastic casing has not been used extensively and (7) ASTM A139, "Standard Specification especially at depths exceeding 300 feet (90 metres), special for Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded care must be exercised in the design and construction of Steel .Pipe (sizes 4 inches and wells that will employ these sizes. Particular attention over)". should be asing of heat generated nduring to ecementing operationss(see tic calso Part B, (8) ASTM A211, "Standard Specification "Installation of Casing" of this section, item 8, Part D, for Spiral-Welded Steel or Iron Sealing Material of Section 9, and discussion of plastic Pipe". casing in Chapter I). (9) AWWA C200, "AWWA Standard for There are two groups of plastic materials avail Steel Water Pipe 6 Inches and able: thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics soften Larger". with the application of heat and reharden when cooled. Thus they can be repeatedly reformed. Thermosets cannot be b. Structural Steel. This material shall reformed. During manufacture their molecules are perma- meet one of the following specifications of the American nently "set" by heat, chemical action or a combination of Society for Testing and Materials, including the latest both. Thermoplastics used for:plastic casing are ABS revision thereof: (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and SR (styrene rubber). The thermosetting plastic used for (1) ASTM A36, "Standard Specification casing is fiberglass. for Structural Steel". (2) ASTM A242, "Standard Specification Information about the selection and installation of thermo- for High Strength Low Alloy plastic casing will be found in."Manual on the Selection Structural Steel". and Installation of Thermoplastic Water Well Casing", a 3) ASTM A283, "Standard Specification joint publication of the National Water Well Association for Low and Intermediate Tensile and the Plastic Pipe Institute. Strength Carbon Steel Plates of Structural Quality".