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Confined Ground Water - Ground water under pressure Ground Water Basin - A ground water basin consists whose upper surface is the bottom of an impermeable bed or a of an area underlain by permeable materials which are capable bed of distinctly lower permeability than the material in of storing or furnishing a significant water supply•, the which the confined water occurs.' Confined ground water moves basin includes both the surface area and the permeable under the control of the difference in head between the materials beneath it. intake and discharge areas of the water body. Grout -;,A;fluid mixture of cement and water of a Connate Water - Water entrapped in the interstices consistency that can be forced through a pipe and placed as of a sedimentary rock at the time it was deposited. These required. Various additives, such as sand, bentonite, and waters may be fresh, brackish, or saline in character. hydrated lime, are used to meet certain requirements. For Usually applies only to water found in geologically older example, .sand is added when a considerable volume of grout is formations. needed. Consolidated Material - A geologic material whose Impairment - A change in quality of water which particles are stratified, cemented, or firmly packed makes it less suitable for beneficial use. together; usually occurs at depth, e.g., sandstone. Impermeable - That property of a geologic material Contamination - Defined in Section 13050 of the that renders it incapable of allowing water to move through California ater ode: it perceptibly under the pressure differences ordinarily found,AA, subsurf.ace water. "(k) 'Contamination' means an impairment of the quality of the waters of the state by waste to a Impervious Strata - A geologic unit which will not degree which creates a hazard to the public health transmit water J-n sufficient. quantity to furnish an apprecia- through poisoning or through the spread of ble supply to wells or springs. disease. 'Contamination' shall include any equiv- alent effect resulting from the disposal of waste, Inactive Well - -A well not routinely operated but whether or not waters of the state are affected." capable of bed made an operating well with a m;n;m,3m of effort. Destroyed Well - A well that has been properly filled so that it cannot produce water nor act as a vertical Packer - A device used to plug or seal a well at a conduit for the movement of ground water. specific pow frequently used as retainers to keep grout J-n position until it "sets". Deterioration - An impairment of water quality. - Perforations - Openings in a well casing to allow Drilled Well - A well for which the hole is the 'entrance of ground water into the well. Perforations excavated by mechanical means such as the rotary or cable may be;made either before or after installation of the tool methods. casing. Driller's Mud - A fluid composed of water and clay Permeability - The capacity of a geologic material used in the drilling primarily rotary) operation. The mud for transmitting a fluid. The degree of permeability depends serves to remove cuttings from the hole, to clean and cool upon the size and shape of the openings and the extent of the the bit, to reduce friction between the drill stem and the interconnections. sides of the hole, and to plaster the sides of the hole. Such fluids range from relatively clear water to carefully Pollution —Defined in Section 13050 of the prepared mixtures of special purpose compounds. California Water Code: Drive Shoe - A forged steel collar with a cutting "(1) 'Pollution' means an alteration of the edge fastened onto the bottom of the casing to shear off quality of the waters of the state by waste to irregularities in the hole as the casing advances, and to a degree which unreasonably affects: (1) such protect the lower edge of the casing as it is driven. waters for beneficial uses, or (2) facilities which serve such beneficial uses. 'Pollution' Gravel Packed Well - A well in which filter may include 'contamination'." material (sand, gravel, etc.) is placed in the annular space between the casing and the borehole to increase .the effective Pressure Grout' - A method of forcing grout into diameter of the well, and to prevent fine-grained material specific por ions of a well, such as the annular space, for from entering the well during pumping. sealing purposes. . Ground Water - That part of the subsurface water which is in the zone of saturation.