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Section 13 Confined Space Program o A standby employee (or employees) protected as prescribed by the subsection above may enter the confined space but only in case of emergency and only after alerting at least one additional employee outside of the confined space of the existence of an emergency and of the standby employee's intent to enter the confined space . • When entry must be made through a top opening greater than five feet above the working level , a hoisting device shall be provided for lifting employees out of the space unless three or more employees are present to pull the employees out by hand using a rope . • Work involving the use of flame , are, spark , or other source of ignition is prohibited within a confined space (or any adjacent space having common walls , floor, or ceiling with the confined space) which contains , or is likely to develop , dangerous air contamination due to flammable and/or explosive substances . • Only approved lighting and electrical equipment, in accordance with the Low-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders , shall be used in confined spaces subject to dangerous air contamination by flammable and/or explosive substances . • Employees working in confined spaces which have last contained substances corrosive to the skin or substances which can be absorbed through the skin shall be provided with , and shall be required to wear, appropriate personal protective clothing . Precautions for Emergencies Involving Work in Confined Spaces . • At least one person trained in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) shall be immediately available whenever the use of respiratory protective equipment is required . • An effective means of communication ie phone or radio between employees inside a confined space and a standby employee shall be provided and used whenever the provisions of the subsection require the use of respiratory protective equipment or whenever employees inside a confined space are out of sight of the standby employee(s) . The same means of communication should be used to summons emergency medical services in the event a rescue is needed . All affected employees shall be trained in the use of such communication system and the system shall be tested before each use to confirm its effective operation . Confined Space Hazards Confined space incidents are usually caused by multiple factors . There are two primary categories of hazards : atmospheric and physical . It is critical to identify all the hazards in a space and to determine how they can impact the health and safety of those who enter.