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Cultural Trenches. Cultural test pits are limited to a depth that can be easily and safely excavated using hand tools. If a cultural test pit indicated that the cultural resource may extend to a depth beyond the ability of hand tool excavation, cultural trenches may be excavated to further investigate the site. Cultural trenches would involve the excavation of trenches approximately 3 ft wide by 12 ft long and 10 to 15 ft in depth. Some of the soil from the trench would be placed in a bag and taken to a lab for analysis. The remainder of the soil excavated from the trench will be backfilled and compacted and the site will be returned as closely as possible to original condition. 5. Right of Way and Topographic Survoys Flight Crosses for Aerial Surveys: Topographic mapping for design of the improvements will be developed using aerial survey methods. These techniques need fixed survey reference points along the project area. Marking for these point consist of large temporary crosses that are visible from the air. To the extent feasible, the flight crosses would be placed on farm road and other similar areas rather than in agricultural fields. Those fabric flight crosses that need to be set in areas that aren't paved will be removed as soon as possible once the aerial photography is acquired and checked. Field Ground Surveys: Due to the need for additional precision at certain locations, crews would field survey ground elevations, ditches, canals, selected trees and other vegetation, areas flagged by cultural and environmental surveys, boreholes, monitoring wells and planimetric features (structures, wells, culverts, overhead wires, gas line markers, etc.) to augment the aerial photography. Field survey crews do not typically disturb agricultural or other operations. Right of Way Surveys: These surveys would involve searching for monumentation at property comers as needed to resolve property boundaries and documenting the locations of fences or other visible evidence of occupancy for property boundaries and/or easements for access, utilities, etc. Some digging to locate property monuments is anticipated. 6. Design Investigations Design investigations are generally limited to having the design team walk the project alignment to become familiar with and document conditions along the alignment that might influence the design of the improvements. 7. Utility Investigations Prior to performing the exploration program, each boring location will be visited by a Kleinfelder / Stantec JV professional to confirm the accessibility of the site for the proposed exploration. After accessibility and the location of each boring has been determined, each boring location will be evaluated with ground penetrating radar (GPR) equipment by GPRS, the utility clearance subcontractor. CPRS will mark any suspected utilities with paint, which will be photographed by the KSJV professional. The GPR evaluation will be used to avoid underground utilities at the boring locations. In addition, the upper five feet of all subsurface explorations will be excavated using hand sampling equipment. If a utility is encountered, work will be stopped, the utility owner will be notified immediately, and corrective actions will be determined in a joint effort between the utility owner, USACE, and KSJV on-site personnel.