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. e Wral chdnges undergone by the soils Landreth, Carlton Wiles and Walter ing to ASTM standards (D-6913 or D. treated with xylene.The soils exhibited Grube, project officers at the EPA's 1557) and permeated by standard lea- initially massive structure which Office of Research and Development. chate to establish its baseline permea- changed to a highly aggregated strut- All that appears to be missing out of the bility. Then the standard lcachate ture after the xylene treatment. national effort to protect our ground- should be replaced by primary leachate These findings have been misinter- water resources is coherent and consist- in one set of permeameters.and second'- preted in a number of cases.,While this ent leadership from the office of the ary leachate in anoth sec. If permea- study.was conducted using pure organic EPA's administrator. bilities remained belo H x 107 cm/ liquids, it has often been cited as evi- sec and did not exh 't trends_.o dcnce that clay liners permeated by With what leachates should clay liners be tested? increasing permeability during passage dilute organic liquids may be suscepta of at least one pore volume of the lea- In lieu of a ban on the landfill dispos- chates, the clay liner could be deemed al of liquids, the next best thing would sufficiently stable to maintain its de- What is really needed for be a rational tcstin uro ram designed signed leakage rate. to require evaluation of the permeabili• In addition,an effort should be made existing or future landfills is a ty of prospective clay liners with not__to evaluate permeability of clay liners rational testing program dust pure -water,. ut wit t c eac albs in existing landfills and surface im- designed to require evaluation to-which the liner woula be exposeiF poundments where organic fluids have of the permeability of Ideally, the leachates evaluated would been disposed. Due to the large number prospective clay liners with not include the following: of these facilities, priority should be fust pure water, but with the (1) Primary leachate, or those liq- given to evaluating the clay liners of leachates to which the liner uids that can be separated from the dis- disposal sites in close proximity to pota- would be exposed. posed water; ble groundwater resources. p (2) Secondary lcachate,or the aque- ous leachate that would be generated by water infiltrating the landfill cover ble to large permeability increases. and percolating through the disposed There simply is no data base to support waste, extractingDavid Anderson assisted whatever is soluble; �1, with the instruction of two that contention at this time. However, (3) Standard leachate, such as an , graduate courses at Texas answers may be forthcoming from aqueous solution of O.01N CaSO4, A&M University, °°Recla- planned and ongoing research efforts which would allow the permeability of oration of Disposal lands- In- led by Dr. K.W. Brown at Texas A&M all clay liners to be direct) compared. and "Land Disposal of ►n- Y P dusteial Wastes." Mr. An- University, Dr. Wallace Fuller at the Standard permeameters (available derson has published numer- University of Arizona,Dr. Robert Grif- from soil testing equipment companies) ous technical articles and co- fin at the University of Illinois and Dr. used to evaluate permeability of soils authored three books for the be adapted to allow the EPA entitled ening of(SW_ S David Daniels at the University of Tex- could easily d p face Impoundments (SWW- as. Much of the credit for organizing safe testing of compacted clay soils with 870),and Hazardous Waste these valuable research efforts and highly contaminated water and organic Land Treatment (SW-87e), marshalling the funding to execute liquids (Figure 1), The clay soil should and Effect of organic Sol- these studies should be given to Robert be compacted in permcameters accord- Clay Sols(inn press).Veno on the . fry of ress . September 1982 Civil Engineering-ASCE