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Diesel Exhaust Fluid ( DEF) Hazard Materials Awareness Training What is DEF? A mixture of urea solution ( 32 . 5%) and deionized water ( 67 . 5%) . The urea in DEF contains molecules of nitrogen and hydrogen that, when heated , become ammonia . What is it Used For? Used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR ) systems to reduce nitrogen oxide ( NOx) emissions associated with diesel fuel combustion . Is it Hazardous ? DEF fluid is generally considered to be a non -toxic, non- hazardous, non-flammable solution . It is safe to handle and store and is not known to pose a serious risk to humans when handled properly. DEF, however, corrodes some metals, which is one of the characteristics of a hazardous material . Prolonged contact with skin may cause mild skin irritation, and DEF may cause mild eye irritation if it gets in the eyes . How May I be Exposed to DEF? Ammonia vapors may be present in the head space of a DEF container or tank. Exposures most often result from breathing ammonia vapors when the DEF tank is opened and while the tank is being filled . Ammonia, particularly when inhaled, is toxic and breathing vapors should be avoided. DEF should only be used in well ventilated areas and the inhalation of ammonia vapors avoided as much as possible . It is also important to keep the cap of the DEF tank and DEF storage containers securely closed when not in use to prevent accumulation of vapors within the work area . How Should DEF be Stored ? DEF should be stored in a cool, dry, well -ventilated area out of direct sunlight . Ideal storage temperature is 77 deg F (25 deg Q . Occupational Health and Safety Administration ( OSHA) determined in 2011 that OSHA' s Hazard Communication Stand applies to potential exposures of DEF and ammonia vapors . What if DEF is Spilled ? Contain spills with a dike or appropriate absorbent materials such as granular absorbents ( kitty litter) or pads available in the spill kit . Reclaimed liquid and absorbent must be placed in a polyethylene drum for disposal . Steel containers should not be used because DEF is corrosive to metals. Emergency Response This facility has an Emergency Response/Contingency plan included in its Hazardous Materials Business Plan ( HMBP ) . The Emergency Response/Contingency Plan includes procedures to stop a release or threatened release of a hazardous material, notification to local emergency responders, regulatory agencies, and evacuation plans . Evacuation In the event of an emergency requiring evacuation, proceed to the nearest safe exit; close but do not lock doors; proceed calmly to the designated assembly area ( see attached map) assembly area and remain there for a head count; report any missing individuals; remain outside at the assembly area and do not reenter the building or leave the assembly point until instructed to do so by an appropriate authority .