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DRAFT [TENTATIVE] WASTE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS ORDER R5-2023-00XX 26 <br />FORWARD, INC. <br />FORWARD LANDFILL <br />SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY <br />a.The ground surface will be prepared prior to the application of waste. <br />b.Waste will be spread thinly, no more than 3 inches deep, to ensure <br />complete drying within five days. <br />c.Waste will be turned twice daily with a cultivating device to facilitate <br />drying. <br />93.Groundwater degradation and pollution with nitrogen species such as ammonia <br />and nitrate can be prevented by minimizing percolation below the root zone of <br />crops and ensuring that the total nitrogen load does not exceed crop needs over <br />the course of a typical year. Where there is sufficient unsaturated soil in the <br />vadose zone, excess nitrogen can be mineralized and denitrified by soil <br />microorganisms. Previous WDRs limited annual total nitrogen loading of the LAA <br />to 300 pounds per acre to ensure no adverse effects on soil and groundwater. <br />These WDRs continue this requirement (See Discharge Specifications B.11.c). <br />94.Excess BOD is developed by excessive organic waste application that depletes <br />oxygen in the vadose zone creating anoxic conditions. At the surface, this can <br />result in nuisance odors and fly-breeding. When insufficient oxygen is present <br />below the ground surface, anaerobic decay of organic matter can create reducing <br />conditions that convert naturally occurring metals from insoluble to a more <br />soluble reduced form. This condition can be exacerbated by acidic soils and <br />excess moisture. If reducing conditions do not reverse as the percolate moves <br />down through the vadose zone, the dissolved metals (primarily iron and <br />manganese) can degrade shallow groundwater quality. Many aquifers contain <br />enough dissolved oxygen to reverse the process. <br />95.Effluent samples are collected from each cannery waste form that is being land <br />applied at least one day each week from each canning facility. Sampling occurs <br />prior to discharge to the LAAs. A summary of the average effluent concentrations <br />is presented below for rinsate, residuals, and mud. For non-detect results, half of <br />the analytical method detection limits were used for averaging purposes. <br />Table 6—Effluent Quality <br />Waste <br />Type Constituent Unit Avg 2014- <br />20212 Avg 2018-20213 Trend <br />Rinsate <br />BOD mg/L 15,265 16,805 Increasing <br />Total <br />Nitrogen mg/L 469 347 Decreasing <br />TKN mg/L 467 346 Decreasing <br />TDS mg/L 13,751 15,050 Increasing