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7.5.1 Heat Stress Heat stress is the body's response to excessive heat and can be a significant potential hazard. The risk of heat stress can be increased with heavy physical activity and/or the use of personal protective equipment in hot, humid weather environments. There are also personal risk factors that can contribute to the risk of suffering from heat stress, such as obesity, water intake, alcohol and caffeine consumption, pregnancy, age, medication, etc. 7.5.2 Heat Cramps Heat cramps may be brought on by prolonged exposure to heat. As an individual sweats, water and salts are lost by the body resulting in painful muscle cramps, typically in the legs. First aid treatment includes, but is not limited to, shade, rest, and fluid replacement. Typically, the individual should recover within one-half hour while being monitored constantly. If the individual has not improved substantially within 30 minutes and the body temperature has not decreased, the individual should be transported to a hospital for medical attention. Per Cal/OSHA T8 CCR Section 3395, employees shall have access to potable drinking water that is fresh, pure, suitably cool, free of charge and in-sufficient quantities. Access to shade shall be present when temperatures exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit and shall be available when temperatures do not exceed 80 degrees Fahrenheit. 7.5.3 Heat Exhaustion Heat exhaustion may occur in an individual who has been exposed to excessive heat while working or exercising. The circulatory system of the individual fails as blood collects near the skin to rid the body of excess heat through transference. The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion are as follows: • Rapid and shallow breathing; • Weak pulse; • Cold and clammy skin with heavy perspiration; • Skin appears pale; • Fatigue and weakness; • Dizziness; and • Elevated body temperature. First aid treatment includes, but is not limited to, cooling the victim, elevating the feet, and replacing fluids. If the individual is not substantially improved within 30 minutes and the body temperature has not decreased, the individual should be transported to the hospital for medical attention. 7.5.4 Heat Stroke Heat stroke occurs when an individual is exposed to excessive heat and stops sweating. This condition is classified as a MEDICAL EMERGENCY requiring immediate cooling of the victim and transport to a medical facility. The signs and symptoms of heat stroke are as follows: • Dry, hot, red skin; 5175.0001S102/HSP Site-Specific Health and Safety Plan I ROUX 123