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Geosynte& <br /> consultants <br /> Appendix C: Summary of Chemical Hazards <br /> Chlorinated Solvents/Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) <br /> Chlorinated VOCs are widely used as solvents in industrial operations such as degreasing, <br /> manufacturing, cleaning and dry cleaning, and are also present in household products and <br /> automotive fluids. They readily form vapors which can accumulate in indoor air spaces (i.e., via <br /> migration through the subsurface) and react with ozone to form sub-micron sized particles with <br /> the potential to cause adverse respiratory health effects. Free product releases (via surface or <br /> subsurface discharges or inadequate disposal) can migrate downward to significant depths and <br /> through fine-grained deposits to groundwater, and can persist as wide-scale sources of vapor <br /> plumes for long periods of time. <br /> Several chlorinated hydrocarbons have been identified in soil, indoor air vapor, and groundwater <br /> at the site including perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and 1,2-dichloroethane <br /> (DCA). The likely routes of exposure to chlorinated solvents include inhalation, ingestion and <br /> direct contact with the skin or eye. The toxicity of chlorinated solvents varies; many affect the <br /> CNS and some are identified as carcinogens. PCE can affect the CNS and cause irritation <br /> of the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract. TCE can depress the CNS, affect kidneys, liver, <br /> and lungs and can cause rapid and irregular heartbeat. Toxic effects are increased when <br /> combined with alcohol, caffeine, and other drugs. DCA can cause CNS depression and damage <br /> to the liver, kidneys, heart, and digestive system. Eye contact with DCA can cause irritation and <br /> serious injury if not removed promptly. DCA and TCE are flammable liquids; the LEL of both <br /> solvents are approximately 6% and their flash points are less than 100°F. PCE is not considered <br /> flammable. These chlorinated solvents are only slightly soluble in water. <br /> Exposure levels will be maintained below OSHA PEL or NIOSH REL as shown in the table <br /> below. <br /> Chemical Name PEL' REL2 <br /> 1,2 DCA 50 1 <br /> TCE 100 Ca <br /> PCE 100 Ca <br /> ' OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL) in parts per million <br /> 2 ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV) in parts per million <br /> Ca- Carcinogenic <br /> Appendix C 6/23/2023 <br />