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GRADATION DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES . Well-graded Full range and even distribution of grain sizes present Silty,sandy GRAVEL Poortygraded Narrow range of grain sizes present Fine to medium SAND,trace of silt FIELD REFERENCE Uniformly-graded Consists predominantly of one grain size Fine SAND Gap-graded Within the range of grain sizes present,one or more Silty,medium to coafse SAND sizes are missing SOIL CLASSIFICATION Dual Symbols VISIBLE I NON-VISIBLE (symbols separated by a hyphen,i.e., NATURE OF ICE CLASSIFICATION (symbols sightly silty fine SAND)are used Friable,poory-bonded material is easily broken up Nf for soils with between 5%and 12%fines Segregated Ice is or when the liquid limit and plasticity Not Visible by Eye Well-bonded,soil particles strongly Excess ice Nbe index values pbl in the CL-ML area of held together by ice No excess ice Nbn the plasticity chart- Individual ice crystals(record size) Vx Bordedine Symbols Ice coatings on soil particles Vc (symbols separated by a slash,i.e., Stratified or distinctly oriented ice formations CLIML,silty CLAY/clayey SILT.GW/SW, Segregated Ice is (determine thickness and orientation) Vs sandy GRAVEUgravely SAND)indicate U Visible b E that the soil may fall into one of two N Y Ye that or irregularly oriented ice formations groups- 0 (determine size and shape) Vr possible basic g `o a ... ASTM D 2488 TABLES TABLE 8 Criteria for Describing pry Strength TABLE 1 CdWU for Descr{bhlq Angularity of N Coarse-Grained Particles GRAIN SHAPE None The*Y specimen o ur r"m into powder with l' a mere presshxe of IharxBrbp. AngularParticies have sharp edges and rsk*i*' d LOW The dry specimen Crumbles Into powder with plane sides%ttl unpolished stirfage& some finger pressure Medium The dry specimen breaks kNo pieces or Subangtdar but�mounded are re ges. crumbles`nth considerable fktger presage, Anqutw. The fry amen cannot be broken with frger Subrounded r�-rcles t w red owners and ideady Plans s 10 Huh .Specimen tint break inb pieces have �rkthb and a hard hxrtace *4 no edges. . Rounded �tN curved sloes Very Higtf The.drr specimen carrot be broken between subangular the SUM and a hard surface. TABLE Ig Patticfe$iMyte zw rn TABLE 9 Criteria for Describing Dltatartcy W w The,Width,andt shape shah r t described as follows where LU NOrle No vis3rle cha n Cie leas and si ns of par cl the greatest,kbtembediate, and � nee' least dimensions a a particle,respectfwsly. watar appears OowlY orh the surface a the Fiat Particles with wide ANcknesS>3 Subrounded w Stow speckTM during shaking and does no( 'i dhseppear or dmappa—slowly Won squeezing Elongated Particles v th ferg*AridOh>3 J o �id wWv�a rIi during quickly on the surface a the Fiat and Partbbes meet aiteria for both flat Z °itq squeezing ✓ T disappears elongated and elongated All � quickly tpxlrh squeezin LD r= TABLE 4 Criteria for Describing theReactipOWMIM Rounded TABLE 10 Crfteda for Describing Toughness U _ None No visible reaction e OrSy WON pressure is req uirea to rot the Low thread new the plastic limit The thread and Weak some M&CSon,with bubbles r«minp:sitt�ay a the lump are weak and sat. Strong violent reaction,willh hxrmes formitp ipi1f19rRetely SPT SPECS m Med—Pressure is required to roll the thread (From ASTM D 1586-84) Y Medium �have mp ediurn��thread and tt a TABLE 6 Crlterial for DescHbir* n > 140-lb hammer,30inch freefall J C--WderW*pressure Is required to tog the - �t High thread 10 naar'Rio Plastic kind. The thread and Cathead: 6 to 10 irbch diameter, S Cie l imp have very high stiffness. Weak (>e s or breaks with handing or little finger essure 2-1/4 rope lum " Cnxnbles or breaks with considerable finger i 100 rpm, € TABLE 1f Criteria for Describing Piastidty Moderate mechanical OK a ...., pressure n Strong Wit not crumble or break with finger pressure Nonplastic A 1� (3mm)thread cannot he roped at any _.--- Sampler. 24-inch long, water content. shoe ID=1.375 inches, The th ieae can barmy,be rwad and the lump TABLE 12 identification of Inorganic Flne-Grabbed barrel ID=1.5 inches, Low icannot be famed when drier ihan the plastic Solis from Manual Testa OD=2.0 inches Ill The Creed is Count blows for each of a easy to rod and not much tine is four 6-o increments F fequired to reach the plastic knot The thread ML None Slow to f.:.Low or Thread Medium cannot be terot ed after reaching the ptastic to Low Rapid Cannot be Formed Refusal: 100 blows for 6 inches r �b The Iurnp crumbles when drier than the CL Medium None to or less,75 blows for<1 inches to High Slow Medium It takes Considerable time roping and kneading Standard Penetration Resistance r lo reach the plastic limit The thread can be MH Low to None to Low to ="IN-Value' High ramlled several times after reaching the plasfr- Medium Slow Medium Cubit. Tile k9W can be formed wi0grn High =lows for middle 12 inches it trtinrtbiirg when drier than the plastic kmii CH Very ugh None High