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LLNL Emergency Plan Rev-23 October 2017 81 The PAG is defined in EPA 400-R-92-001 as the projected 50-year total effective dose equivalent from exposure and intake during the early phase of the event. The total effective dose equivalent is calculated as the sum of the effective dose equivalent from external source exposure and the committed effective dose equivalent from inhalation during the early phase of the event. Consistent with Table 2-1 of EPA 400-R-92-001, a PAG of one to five rems is typically assumed. At LLNL, the lowest value, one rem, is used for doses resulting from direct radiation or the uptake of materials that have a physical or biological half-life that is short compared to fifty years (for example, tritium). Five rem is used for doses resulting from the uptake of long half-life materials (for example, plutonium). The value used for the threshold for early lethality for a radiological release is a projected total effective dose equivalent of 100 rem. The intent is to approximate the dose at which sensitive groups within any large population would begin to show an increase in mortality. Postulated radiological release scenarios and the PAGs used are described in the EPHAs. 8.1.2 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (Chemical) The Protective Action Criteria for chemical materials are listed by the temporary emergency exposure limit (TEEL), and published and maintained on the DOE chemical safety website. These values for airborne concentrations of released materials are based on requirements in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, EPA, and other exposure limits. Sixty-minute final and interim acute exposure guideline levels (AEGL60s) – as a first choice, and emergency response planning guidelines (ERPGs) developed by the American Industrial Hygiene Association – as a second choice, have been incorporated into the TEEL list, where available. The following three reference value levels are defined for each material as follows: • AEGL60-1/ERPG-1/TEEL-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing other than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor. • AEGL60-2/ERPG-2/TEEL-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action. • AEGL60-3/ERPG-3/TEEL-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects. This is considered the threshold for early lethality for chemical releases. AEGL60-2, ERPG-2, or TEEL-2 is used for the classification of Operational Emergencies and the initiation of protective actions at LLNL. Postulated chemical release scenarios are also described in the EPHAs.