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3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (Continued) OTHER POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: Contact of the cold gas with the skin can lead to frostbite or dermatitis (red, cracked, irritated skin), depending upon concentration and duration of exposure. Contact of the cold gas with the eyes can cause pain, redness, burns, and severe exposure could cause blindness. Symptoms of frostbite include change in skin color to white or grayish-yellow. The pain after contact with cold gas can quickly subside. Moisture in the air could lead to the formation of carbonic acid,which can be irritating to the eyes. HEALTH EFFECTS OR RISKS FROM EXPOSURE: An Explanation in Lav Terms. Overexposure to Carbon Dioxide may cause the following health effects: ACUTE: Inhaling high concentrations of Carbon Dioxide can lead to coma or death. At low concentrations, inhalation of Carbon Dioxide can cause nausea, dizziness, visual disturbances, shaking, headache, mental confusion, sweating, increased heartbeat, and elevated blood pressure and respiratory rate. High concentrations of the gas in air may cause eye irritation or damage. CHRONIC: Reversible effects on the acid-base balance in the blood, blood pressure, and circulatory system may occur after prolonged exposure to elevated Carbon Dioxide levels. TARGET ORGANS: Respiratory system, cardiovascular system,eyes. Carbon Dioxide Solid EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Solid Carbon Dioxide (dry ice), is a white, opaque solid which releases colorless, gas. This solid sublimates to gas quickly at standard temperatures and pressures, forming a fog in air. As a result, the main hazards associated with Carbon Dioxide are related to Carbon Dioxide gas formation and the cold temperature of the solid and evolved gas. At concentrations between 2 and 10%, Carbon Dioxide can cause nausea, dizziness, headache, mental confusion, increased blood pressure and respiratory rate. If the gas concentration reaches 10% or more, suffocation and death can occur within minutes. Contact with the solid can cause freezing of exposed tissue. Moisture in the air could lead to the formation of carbonic acid which can be irritating to the eyes. Carbon Dioxide is heavier than air and should not be allowed to accumulate in low lying areas. SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE: CARBON DIOXIDE SOLID The most significant routes of overexposure for Carbon Dioxide are by inhalation of Carbon Dioxide gas, and skin or eye contact with the solid or gas. Symptoms of such exposure are as follows: HAZARDOUS MATERIAL NFORMATION INHALATION: Carbon Dioxide is an asphyxiant and a powerful SYSTEM cerebral vasodilator. If the concentration of Carbon Dioxide reaches 10% or more, suffocation can occur rapidly. Inhalation of HEALTH (BLUE) 2 concentrations between 2 and 10% can cause nausea, dizziness, headache, mental confusion, increased blood pressure and respiratory rate. Carbon Dioxide initially stimulates respiration and then causes respiratory depression. Inhalation of low concentrations (3-5%) have FLAMMABILITY moo) D no known pennanent harmful effects. Symptoms in humans at various levels of concentration are as follows: CONCENTRATION SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE 1%: Slight increase in breathing rate. REACTIVITY IoM 0 2%: Breathing rate increases to 509/6 above normal; exposure causes headache, tiredness. 3%: Breathing increases to twice normal rate and PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT B becomes labored. Weak narcotic effect. Impaired hearing, headache, increase in blood pressure and pulse rate. 4-5%: Breathing increases to approximately four times normal rate, symptoms of intoxication See See become evident; slight choking may be felt. Section 8 Section 8 5-10%: Labored breathing, headache, visual For routine ndustralapplicatl«u impairment, ringing in the ears, impaired judgment,followed by loss of consciousness. See Section 16 for Definition of Ratings 50-100%: Unconsciousness occurs more rapidly above 10% level. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations may eventually result in death from asphyxiation. CARBON DIOXIDE-CO2 MSDS(DOCUMENT#001013) PA(;F 3 nF 11