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Loss Prevention System (LPS) / 1 Major Injury / 10 Minor Injuries Our goal at Chevron is to carry out incident free operations (IFOs). Some environmental incidents that /` — — — — — — Equip/Property can occur include petroleum leaks and spills from petroleum storage tanks. To prevent such // 30 Damage occurrences, we have adopted a systematic, proven method called the Loss Prevention System (LPS). — — — — — — — — — — -\\ Loss Ratio Triangle or Pyramid An extensive insurance study looked at over 1.7 million accidents across 297 companies. The study found that for each incident involving a major injury, there were 10 incidents with minor injuries, 30 incidents in which equipment or property were damaged and 600 times where an incident almost happened, a near loss. The ratio of 1 major injury to 10 minor incidents to 30—damage incidents to 600 near losses can be written 1:10:30:600. This ratio is also represented in the incident pyramid. Many safety studies also have found that the root causes of major, minor and equipment damage incidents (top of the incident pyramid) were the same as for the near losses (bottom of the incident pyramid). These root causes were identified as either inadequate skills, motivation, procedures, communications of expectation, or tools or equipment—or a combination of these. In order to create an IFO environment the focus of our energy and resources is on the bottom of the pyramid. Our goal when investigating near losses and incidents is to identify the true root Major Injury t Tools Used by LPS Minor Injuries tp By design, LPS has a number of tools Equip/Property to identify and prevent losses at all 0 a m a g e 30 levels. It is based on the loss Near Losses ��. pyramid shown above. 600 Job Safety Analyses "des �Q� (JSAs) and Safe 'fabl P Performance Self - e6 S '"ad ebavior SQ�SQ Assessments (SPSAs) kocsduuo'e' skill, expecfMt s• corn motiv, are designed to identify and coos• tools °foeVu X00 or prevent potential hazards and pored' discrepancies at the base level. They give us a "what if' look at all the potential problems and things that could go wrong so that we can start to think about how to prevent an incident before it happens. LPOs attack hazards and discrepancies against job standards at the level of undesirable behavior. Where have we been? • Reactive focus on "end of pipe" statistics Abdication of responsibility for Safety (Environmental Safety & Health group should "do it for me") • "Program of the month" approach • Focus is on equipment/conditions • "Why Tree" Root Cause Analysis (RCA) philosophy • Most "near misses" are not reported "Not invented here" syndrome For further questions contact: Phil Myers Published by Chevron Products Company / 600 \ Near Losses / Undesirable behavior Inadequate: skill, motivation, procedures, communication of expectations, tools or equipment cause rather than the narrow focus of traditional safety programs on what broke or who is at fault. Unlike conventional safety programs, Chevron's system places equal emphasis on each investigation, whether it involves near losses or actual incidents. There are 600 opportunities to learn from incidents that almost happen rather than the traditional approach of just investigating and learning from the relatively few actual incidents. The LPS uses behavior -based safety tools such as Loss Prevention Observations (LPOs) to identify and correct undesirable behaviors before they can result in an incident. The LPO is a systematic tool for observing specific work processes and self -reporting any activities/ conditions that deviate from Chevron standards. It is a self-correcting process that rewards and reinforces correct behaviors that are defined in the foundation of the incident pyramid, and it can be found in our work standards and practices. Near Loss Investigations (NLIs) can be perceived as proactive because they look at hazards and discrepancies in job standards that can be eliminated or reduced before a real incident occurs. Loss Investigations (LIs) are similar to NLIs and are conducted when an incident involving a loss, a spill, an injury or any other kind of incident has occurred. Together, these tools are unique and contrast against the traditional safety programs in that the LPS tools: • Focus on the base, or root cause of the incident • Are proactive rather than reactive • Make decisions based on data at root cause level rather than on major losses only • Have wide application not only to injuries, but to regulatory violations, equipment and property damage, leaks and spills, and near losses. LPS allows us to reliably focus on where future incidents are likely to occur and make preemptive adjustments to our practices and behaviors in advance of the incident occurrence. The table below summarizes how our management of safety process has shifted to a loss prevention system. Where are we going? Proactive safety activities are integrated with Business Plans Involvement of Employees, Supervisors & Management at all Levels in safety practices • Permanent approach to IFO • Focus is on "At -Risk Behaviors" • "Why Tree" RCA Technique • Many "near losses" freely reported • Best Practices/solutions shared Standards and Codes Specialist Telephone (925) 842-2288 pemy@chewon.com Phil Wetmore or Terminal Engineering and Technology Manager Telephone (925) 842-9546 pawe@chevron.com 0