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5.2.2 Drilling and Excavation Operations Operations involving earth-moving equipment present potential hazards from falling debris, mechanical failure of hydraulic lines, and being hit by moving equipment (i.e., backhoe bucket, excavator turret, scraper). Level D personal protective equipment will be worn at all times during grading and trenching activities. Equipment should be properly inspected on a regular basis in accordance with industry-established procedures to minimize the risk of mechanical failure. In addition to physical hazards associated with excavation equipment, there is the potential for excessive noise to be produced around the equipment. Section 5. 8 provides details concerning the hazards associated with high noise levels. Earthwork is anticipated to include excavations and trenches that will extend to variable depths. All trenches and excavations that exceed more than four feet in depth shall be managed in conformance with OSHA trench safety regulations. Contractors and subcontractors will be responsible for providing a"competent'person onsite during all operations that require contractor personnel to enter a trench or excavation. The contractor and/or subcontractors will be required to provide the name of the competent person and documentation of training. 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN Table I presents a list of potential environmental contaminants of concern. Table 2 provides a summary of the hazards associated with these materials. 5.3.1 Heavy metals Heavy metals including Chromium, Lead, Zinc, and Copper have been detected in soil samples collected during previous investigations at the site.The primary route of exposure would be from the inhalation of dust containing these heavy metals. Exposure can result in dry throat, cough, headache, tight chest, muscle cramps, nausea, and reduced pulmonary function. Target organs include respiratory system brain and nervous systems,kidneys and liver. 5.3.2 Corrosive materials(high or low pH) Concern over potential corrosive soils warrants caution during all activities. Exposure may cause skin irritation, eye, nose and throat irritation or burning. Corrosive soils may cause severe damage to sensitive nasal and respiratory membranes. Potential blindness is possible from corrosive soils. 5.4 HEAVY MACHINERY/EXCAVATION ACTIVITIES The use of heavy machinery(backhoes) in areas where unprotected personnel are operating warrants special attention on the part of all personnel. Operators should ensure that equipment is working properly and is being nm in a safe manner, and should be aware of the location of unprotected personnel at all times while operating this machinery to avoid serious accidents. Other personnel must be aware of heavy equipment, operations, and exercise proper caution to avoid placing themselves in an unsafe situation. 5.5 HEAT STRESS Heat stress is a major hazard, especially for workers wearing protective clothing. The same protective materials that shield the body from chemical exposure also limit the dissipation of body heat and moisture. Personal protective clothing can therefore create a hazardous condition. Depending on the ambient conditions and the work being performed, heat stress can occur very rapidly,within as little as 15 minutes. Site personnel will be instructed in the identification of a heat stress victim, the first-aid treatment procedures for the victim and the prevention of heat stress casualties. 5.5.1 Heat Exhaustion Symptoms: Usually begins with muscular weakness, dizziness, nausea, and a staggering gait. Vomiting is frequent. The bowels may move involuntarily. The victim is very pale, with clammy skin, and he or she may perspire profusely. The pulse is weak and fast,breathing is shallow.He or she may faint unless they lie down. Page 18