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•l 6 • I January-February, 1967 1. Hygienic Standards abling illness although all individuals re- turned to normal following removal from 1 A. RECOMMENDED MAXIMAL ATMOSPHERIC exposure to TDI" Short exposure to - CONCENTRATIONS (eight hours) : The, higher concentrations caused, within a current TLV of 0.02 parts'of the 214- few minutes, tracheal and laryngeal irri- isomer per million parts of air (ppm) is tation and severe coughing spasms, lead- also a "C" ceiling value not to be ex- ing to embarrassed respiration and cyan- ceeded" (It has not been established osis. Subsequently, some of the exposed whether this value should include the group developed asthmatoid breathing; TDI urea that is formed when TDI reacts others, a condition probably representing with water vapor.) This recommended a chemicalneumonitis." At least four value is based on the capacity of TDI to deaths have been associated with TDI produce sensitization of the respiratory exposure as well as three cases which were tract' It may be low enough to prevent followed by chronic cardiopulmonary dis- sensitization but it is not low enough to ease which led to death in two of the prevent attacks after sensitization has cases." There. is evidence that repeated r occurred.' attacks after exposure to isocyanates may r B. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERANCE: Not known. be followed by permanentrespiratory dis- The 2,4-isomer is irritating to the nose ability 18.17 r and throat at 0.5 ppm.' B. SKIN`•CONTACT:; Skin sensitization has ' C. ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION IMMEDI - ''been produced In humans whose'respira- ATELY HAZARDOUS TO LIFE: Not known - torytracts were 'protected 'by' air line ./ for man. Any TDI'may be sufficient,to respirators but, who had repeated skin trigger a serious attack in a sensitized in contact's dividual..An exposure of 1.1 ppm for four In :experimental animals TDI is a hours killed. 505a of the rabbits within severe.skin.irritant and strong.sensitizer. 14 days.10 Acute skin penetration toxicity-is of an extremely low. rder as a,dosage of 16,000 U. Toxic Properties mg/kgfailed; to: kill or:to produce•ana- A. INHALATION: Human experience has left another injury o internal organs.' I e no doubt as to •the high order of? the another laboratory, guinea ptgs were Y i hazard of TDI"•"•tH It is a strong irri- sensitized to the 80 t, mixture by intra- tant, causing respiratory irritation in hu- . dermal injection,, topical d_rmaV contact and by inhalation.'"' mans at 0.5 ppm.' In animals, it acts.as '. a corrosive agent to trachea and lungs in C. EYE CONTACT: Application"of'the un- concentrations of 5 ppm or more.10 Of diluted'2,4-isomer'to the'rabbit eye caused. greater importance is its ability to pro- marked irritation to the eyelids'and mild j duce, in man, an allergic response char- damage to the cornea.° acterized by asthmatic-like breathing': Ex• D. INGESTION: Acute„oral toxicity for rats; ' posure to concentrations which averaged is slight as the,LDso.of 5800"mg/kg indi-. well under 0.02 ppm and which only oc Cates. In subacute tests, 1500 mg/kg daily casionally approached 'or'exceeded .this for 10 treatments killed 50% of the ani- value-have caused a progressive disease. mals. Corrosive••.action on:.the.,stomach Initial symptoms were breathlessness'and wall and a toxic effect uponthe•liver were 44 � chest discomfort. Later, rales and de-` reported.' V_ creased.I-second.expiratory volume were. found,. Continued exposure, caused dis- pl. Industrial Hygiene Practice A. INDUSTRIAL USES: TDI is used in the - The Committee wi b. m"acknowiedtc the '°rcparatton preparation foams elastomers 1 of the enediol information section of this Guide by the pre p on o • • I'o Y- lodtotrial Hygiene and Clinical Toxicology Cnmmittee of I.M.A. urethane paints and wire enamels. -