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Cla on ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS Formaldehyde is absorbed through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. It is a severe skin and eye irritant. Human exposure through ingestion can cause violent vomiting and diarrhea which can lead to collapse. Frequent or prolonged exposure can cause hypersensitivity. Formaldehyde is classified as a Class A2 carcinogen by the USEPA. It is an experimental tumorigen and teratogen. 6.1 PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS Toxic Atmosphere is any atmosphere having a toxic contaminant exceeding the legally established Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) as defined in 29 CFR 1910.1000 or the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (1991-92). The PEL/TLV shall not be exceeded during an 8-hour workshift of a 40-hour workweek, and STEL's shall not be exceeded for 15 minute TWA exposure at any time during the workday unless respiratory protection is provided and worn. The following lists the PEL/TLV for suspect compounds identified on the site. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes represent the toxic constituents of diesel. Table 1 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)/Threshold Limit Value (TLV) ce.::::.:...: Benzene 1 ppm 5 ppm Toluene 100 ppm 150 ppm Ethylbenzene 100 ppm 125 ppm Xylenes 100 ppm 150 ppm Formaldehyde 1 ppm 2 ppm ppm=parts per million * Because formaldehyde has the lowest PEL and STEL values, formaldehyde shall be used as the indicator chemical during sampling. 6.2 AIR MONITORING WITH PID A photoionization detector (PID) will be used onsite to monitor for total ionizable compounds in the air, particularly in the areas of sampling. Because the PID measures the total ionizable compounds, action levels have been established specifically for PID readings at the site: 3 ENG147952-KHSP