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- �,.,"y.. - '— n �,•. .-x��.°-,r�.,.......-�'� �-a.. gr � x �s"��i'�1'�t.-.�"a, u'h:- .moi` .� ®,y wx � ._ C� <br /> g ? � ,( <br /> -- <br /> d. <br /> vi: OILS <br /> 66.13 <br /> In cLiis situation, the hydrocarbon fixture would Rove as a bulk <br /> and the equilibrium partitioning yodel could net be applicable, <br /> 66.2-2 Transport and Transformation ?_tcesses <br /> Tramp a and transformation of individual fuel oil constituent <br /> Will depend on the Physicochemical (and biological) properties o- <br /> cotUCi=uents, fthe <br /> Some constituents will dissolve more ; the <br /> Percolating ground waters be sorbed less scron 1 on quickly in the <br /> - us <br /> being transported more rapidlyg Y the soils <br /> degradation b , and may be more or less susceptible o <br /> Figure 65-1, Y chemical a bfological action. Thus, as was shown in <br /> fuel will vary:he relative concentrations of the ronsricuentz of <br /> with time and distance from the lice of the <br /> This effect is called ~weathering (This term is contamination. <br /> describe the changes to oil follawin also used to <br /> film spreading and breaks g spills into sur;faca waters where <br /> dissolution and degradation are gall a involved.)nd rential volatilization <br /> Transport processes have been shown cc be more signi?icant tan <br /> transformation <br /> ` molecular weight processes in determining the initial fate of g Petroleum hydrocarbons released to soil lower <br /> systems. However, due cc Che lower water solubilities andglo lower water <br /> pressures of the higher molecular weightLaver vapor <br /> transformation processes hydrocarbons, environmental <br /> hydrocarbons may be increasingly signi.icancfar <br /> the In the CIO-C%9 range characteristic of diesel .`uel and in <br /> t4 range expected in residual fuel ails. Spa demonstrated that compounds havingu P to ec aL• (1846) <br /> almost exclusive) by F to nine carbons are weathered <br /> Y evaporation; larger compounds were weathered by <br /> y 'vaFeration and biodegradation. <br /> Under conditions of <br /> subsurface release or IlMiced concentrated vlatilization (low �emperacures <br /> o , <br /> including downward mi <br /> pill) other transport processes <br /> P <br /> trans ort tp gracion into the soil, sorption to soils, <br /> ground water may be important. Several authors and <br /> 2243,2252.2329) have reported that ail substances ()Ell, <br /> significant quantities to soils result in a separate oceanic ed ,n <br /> which moves downward through the unsaturated zone cc the less permeable <br /> layer. the soil/ground-water bounde w phase <br /> and spread horizontally. rY. here they tend to accumulate <br /> The organic layer floatingon the g <br /> general direction of round water is cat-led in the <br /> -- some hydrocarbons are ground <br /> aaceorditer ow �t Che oil-water interface, <br /> t is discussed g to their a ueaus <br /> in are <br /> 64, the pollution 1:aused by solubilir.,, <br /> phase is much less extensive (10s-LOOS of meters `he hvdrocarban <br /> by Is <br /> dissolved ) than poLlucion caused <br /> {LB11) , Furthermore, the in ground :rater (100s-LOOOs of meters) <br /> „lay be �•e Rartern of migration of the hvdrocarbon phase <br /> ry dif.erent from <br /> fluctuatichat of the ground water. Due :o <br /> ons in ground-wacer elevation over time, <br /> the top of the aquifer may be transported into several 9 ones c.here laver <br /> components occur in the gaseous phase {able <br /> directions, includin co difc se in all <br /> particles or g upward), liquid phase (adsorbed once rock <br /> (1811,2'.29) sealed under -rater) or dissoLved/ zmulsifieq <br /> :n water <br /> 6/67 <br />